Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of food additive is E542 considered?
What type of food additive is E542 considered?
Which of the following food additive groups includes thickeners and gelling agents?
Which of the following food additive groups includes thickeners and gelling agents?
Which food additive is extracted from cochineal insects?
Which food additive is extracted from cochineal insects?
Which type of additive is E621, commonly known for enhancing flavors?
Which type of additive is E621, commonly known for enhancing flavors?
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Why must the source of E471 be investigated on a case-by-case basis?
Why must the source of E471 be investigated on a case-by-case basis?
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Which of the following codes corresponds to preservatives?
Which of the following codes corresponds to preservatives?
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Emulsifiers categorized under which additive group could be haram if sourced from porcine origin?
Emulsifiers categorized under which additive group could be haram if sourced from porcine origin?
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What is the halal status of Glycerin (E422) derived from non-halal meat sources?
What is the halal status of Glycerin (E422) derived from non-halal meat sources?
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Which of the following additives is utilized as a surface coating agent?
Which of the following additives is utilized as a surface coating agent?
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What group of food additives includes substances that can enhance taste but may involve safe or risky sources?
What group of food additives includes substances that can enhance taste but may involve safe or risky sources?
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What is the possible origin of E422, making it Haram?
What is the possible origin of E422, making it Haram?
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Which of the following food additive groups includes Edible Bone Phosphate (E542)?
Which of the following food additive groups includes Edible Bone Phosphate (E542)?
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What is the reason for investigating the source of E471 on a case-by-case basis?
What is the reason for investigating the source of E471 on a case-by-case basis?
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What is the typical range of codes for miscellaneous additives?
What is the typical range of codes for miscellaneous additives?
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Which of the following food additives is NOT categorized under the 600-699 code range?
Which of the following food additives is NOT categorized under the 600-699 code range?
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Study Notes
Halal Food Ingredients
- Bacon bits:
- Natural bacon bits are not acceptable for halal products due to their origin from pork
- Artificial bacon bits made from plant proteins (such as soy protein) can be used as long as colors and flavors are halal-approved
- Amino acids:
- Used for various technical functions in food production
- Acceptable for use as long as residual alcohol in extracts is less than 0.5%
- Fusel oil and derivatives:
- Mixtures of higher alcohols produced as a by-product of alcoholic fermentation
- Doubtful for use in halal products due to halal agency restrictions (e.g., JAKIM)
- Encapsulation materials:
- Gelatin is acceptable only if derived from halal-slaughtered animals or fish
- Other encapsulation materials (shellac, cellulose, and zein) are generally accepted in halal products
- Vinegar, Spices, and Seasonings blends:
- Vinegar is typically more than 90% water and can be made onsite from alcohol
- Colors can be synthetic (FD&C-certified) or natural (e.g., fruit and vegetable extracts)
- Flavors, colorants, and curing agents should be halal-suitable
- Coatings:
- Animal-based ingredients must be avoided
- Halal-suitable ingredients for food coatings include sugars, zein protein, starches, beeswax, petroleum fractions, and vegetable oils
E-Numbered Ingredients
- E-Numbers represent specific food additives used by the food industry
- Classification of E-Numbered ingredients:
- 100-199: food colors
- 200-299: preservatives
- 300-399: antioxidants, phosphates, and complexing agents
- 400-499: thickeners, gelling agents, phosphates, humectants, emulsifiers
- 500-599: salts and related compounds
- 600-699: flavor enhancers
- 700-899: not used for food additives (used for feed additives)
- 900-999: surface coating agents, gases, sweeteners
- 1000-1399: miscellaneous additives
- 1400-1499: starch derivatives
Halal Status for Ingredients
- Additives of animal origin (e.g., pork) are definitely Not Halal or Haram
- Some additives with a common code (e.g., E471) may be of animal or plant origin, requiring case-by-case investigation
- Examples of main additives to be aware of:
- Glycerol / Glycerin / Glycerine (E422): Haram if obtained from pork or non-halal meat sources
- Emulsifiers (E470 to E483): Haram if obtained from pork or non-halal sources
- Edible Bone Phosphate (E542): Haram if obtained from pork or non-halal meat sources
- E441 Gelatine: Derived from the bones and/or hides of cattle and/or pigs
- E542 Edible Bone Phosphate: An extract from animal bones
Type of Ingredients in Halal Food Productions
- Single ingredients in halal food productions include bacon bits, amino acids, and civet oil
- Bacon bits: natural bacon bits are not acceptable for halal products, but artificial bacon bits made from plant proteins can be used if colors, flavors, and incidental ingredients are halal approved
- Amino acids: many amino acids are used for various technical functions and must meet halal suitability requirements
- Civet oil: a unique flavoring agent that must be halal certified
E-Numbered Ingredients
- E-Numbers represent specific food additives used by the food industry worldwide
- The E numbering system was developed by the European Economic Community (EEC) and is universally adopted by the food industry
- E-Numbered ingredients are classified into categories, including:
- 100-199: food colors
- 200-299: preservatives
- 300-399: antioxidants, phosphates, and complexing agents
- 400-499: thickeners, gelling agents, phosphates, humectants, emulsifiers
- 500-599: salts and related compounds
- 600-699: flavor enhancers
- 900-999: surface coating agents, gases, sweeteners
Halal Status for Ingredients
- Additives of animal origin, such as pork, are definitely Haram (not halal)
- Some additives, such as E471, can be of animal or plant origin and need to be investigated on a case-by-case basis
- Examples of main additives that need to be aware of include:
- Glycerol / Glycerin / Glycerine (E422): Haram if obtained from pork or non-halal meat sources
- Emulsifiers (E470 to E483): Haram if obtained from pork or non-halal sources
- Edible Bone Phosphate (E542): Haram if obtained from pork or non-halal meat sources
- E441 Gelatine: derived from the bones and/or hides of cattle and/or pigs
- E542 Edible Bone Phosphate: an extract from animal bones
Halal Status Examination
- Examples of ingredients that need to be examined for halal status include:
- E160c – Paprika
- E120 – Carmine: extracted from insect cochineal
- E621 – Monosodium glutamate (MSG): produced from bacterial fermentation
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Description
Learn about the different types of ingredients used in food production, a crucial aspect of food technology. This quiz is based on the course material by Assoc. Prof. ChM Dr. Norhayati Binti Muhammad from Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.
