Food Processing Separation & filtration Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of separation processes in the food processing industry?

  • To heat food components
  • To combine different food components
  • To mix residues with extracts
  • To remove specific components for higher product value (correct)

Which characteristic is NOT commonly used in separation processes?

  • Taste (correct)
  • Size
  • Density
  • Color

Which of the following methods is used to separate components based on particle size?

  • Extraction
  • Filtration (correct)
  • Centrifugation
  • Distillation

What type of separation is centrifugation primarily based on?

<p>Differences in particle density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which separation process relies on the principle of solubility differences in different solvents?

<p>Extraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of using a filter with excessively large pore sizes?

<p>It may not effectively block smaller particles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the quantity of solids in a slurry influence filtration?

<p>More solids can lead to a thicker filter cake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does using a high volume of slurry have on the filtration process?

<p>It leads to a larger filter cake that can obstruct the process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the type of filter specified in the BPR critical?

<p>It ensures the correct size of particles are stopped. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a result of a thick filter cake during the filtration process?

<p>Blocking of the filter medium, slowing down the process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the solid material that remains on the filter during filtration?

<p>Filter cake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of filtration equipment is centrifugal force used to separate solids from liquids?

<p>Centrifugal filter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the filtrate in a centrifugal filter when the solid material is the desired product?

<p>It is discarded as waste material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the initial filter material or membrane in a filter press?

<p>To assist in building the filter cake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what pressure are filter plates typically forced together in a filter press?

<p>100 pounds per square inch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the liquid that passes through the filter during the filtration process called?

<p>Filtrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a filter press for filtration?

<p>It produces a very pure filtrate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the filtration process, the solids and liquid mixture is referred to as what?

<p>Suspension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using a rotary drum vacuum filter?

<p>The pressure difference is limited to 1 bar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what application would a filter press be particularly useful?

<p>In clarifying soft drinks and fruit juices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT listed as a common parameter controlling filtering operations?

<p>Temperature of the slurry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using a rotary drum vacuum filter?

<p>The operating speed can control cake thickness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can speed up the flow in filtration processes?

<p>Increasing pressure on the slurry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if too high a pressure is applied during the filtration process?

<p>The filter medium could be damaged or burst. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does vacuum filtration differ from pressure filtration?

<p>It uses a vacuum to draw the slurry into the filter medium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which product is commonly processed using plate and frame filters?

<p>Fruit juice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a necessary accessory for operating a rotary drum vacuum filter?

<p>Vacuum pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of filters with a small pore size?

<p>They reduce flow rate as more material is retained. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of filter is used in the beer production process during maturation?

<p>Rotary drum filter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does centrifugal force assist in filtration?

<p>By forcing the slurry against the filter medium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might occur if the vacuum in a rotary drum vacuum filter is too strong?

<p>The filter medium could be damaged or burst. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the filter cake when the slurry is drawn through vacuum too weakly?

<p>It can become compacted and stop filtration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food Processing Separations

Separations are crucial in the food industry to isolate specific components, enhancing the value of the product(s).

Separation methods

Separation processes rely on physical or chemical differences between the separated materials (fractions).

Density Separation

Separation based on differences in density, often involving machines like cream separators for food.

Size Separation (Filtration)

Separates materials based on particle size, separating a solid from a liquid, or removing particles from air.

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Centrifugation

Separation method based on differences in particle density, typically used to separate solids from liquids.

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Extraction

Separation based on different components' solubility in various solvents.

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Crystallization

Separation based on differing solubility levels of substances in a mixture.

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Distillation

Separation based on differing vapor pressures of different substances.

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Membrane Processes

Separating components via membranes, which selectively allow specific substances to pass through, often based on size.

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Filtration

Separation method to remove solids from liquids, where a filter captures the solid and allows the liquid to pass through.

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Slurry

A mixture of solid particles suspended in a liquid.

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Filter cake

The solid material collected on the filter during filtration.

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Filtrate

The liquid that passed through the filter after filtration.

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Centrifugal filter

A filtration method using centrifugal force to separate solid from liquid in a slurry.

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Filter press

A filtration method using pressure to separate solids from liquids in chambers with filter plates.

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Filter Medium

The material that selectively allows the liquid to pass through while retaining the solid.

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Filter pore size

The size of the openings in a filter, impacting flow rate and particle capture.

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Filter cake thickness

The layer of solid material formed on a filter, affecting filtration speed.

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Slurry volume

The amount of liquid mixture containing solids that needs filtering.

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Solid quantity

The amount of solid material in the slurry, impacting cake thickness.

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Filter selection

Choosing the correct filter type as specified in the detailed procedures (BPR).

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Filter Press Application

Used to remove small amounts of solid impurities from solutions, especially in the food industry to remove lumps.

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Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter

A continuous filtration device that rotates a drum with a filter cloth, separating solids from liquids under vacuum.

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Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter - Advantages

Continuous operation, low cost; adjustable cake thickness; clean product possible with showering.

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Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter - Disadvantages

Pressure limitations (up to 1 bar); needs additional equipment (agitators, pumps); cake with residual moisture, high energy consumption.

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Filtration Parameters-Flow (Pressure)

Using pressurized slurry to force liquid through a filter.

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Filtration Parameters-Flow (Vacuum)

Using vacuum to draw liquid through a filter.

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Filtration Parameters - Flow (Centrifugal Force)

Using centrifugal force to push slurry through filter in a centrifuge.

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Filtration Parameter: Filter Type

Filter efficiency is affected by pore size, impacting flow rate.

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Filtration – Edible oil refining

Removes insoluble impurities (seed fragments) from crude oil post-extraction using plate and frame or rotary drum filter.

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Filtration – Sugar refining

Separates juice from insoluble impurities (using lime treatment of juice followed by P&F/RD filtration) and crystals using centrifugal filters.

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Filtration – Beer Production

Removes yeast deposit (trub) from beer using P&F/RD filter during maturation.

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Filtration Equipment

The devices and techniques used to separate solids from liquids.

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Study Notes

Food Processing Separations

  • Separations are crucial in the food processing industry.
  • Goal: isolate specific components, boosting product value (extracted component, residue, or both).
  • Separation methods rely on differences between components (size, shape, color, density, solubility, electrical charge, volatility).

Separation Techniques

  • Density-based separations:

    • Cream separator: separates based on density differences.
    • Clarification (Precipitation): removes components based on density.

  • Size-based separations:

    • Membrane processes: use membranes to separate by size.
    • Filtration: separates solids from liquids based on particle size differences. Typically separates precipitate from solution or particles from air.
    • Centrifugation: separates based on density differences in particles.

  • Solubility-based separations:

    • Extraction: separates compounds based on different solubilities in different solvents.
    • Crystallization: isolates components based on differing solubilities in a mixture.

  • Volatility-based separations:

    • Distillation: separates components based on differing boiling points (volatility).

  • Other separations:

    • Electrophoresis: a separation technique based on differences in electrical charge.

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Description

Explore various separation techniques used in the food processing industry through this quiz. Learn about density-based, size-based, and solubility-based methods, including filtration, centrifugation, and extraction. Test your knowledge on how these methods enhance product value.

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