Food Process Unit Operations

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of extending the period during which food remains wholesome?

Supplementing nutrients required for health

Preventing microbial and biochemical spoilage (correct)

Adding value to diet

Providing variety and convenience in diet

Which stage of food processing involves transforming raw materials into intermediate or finished food products?

Secondary processing (correct)

Primary processing

Quaternary processing

Tertiary processing

What is the purpose of heat transfer in food processing?

To destroy microorganisms and prolong shelf life (correct)

To enhance the appearance of food products

To improve the digestibility of food

To reduce the nutritional value of food

Which of the following is NOT a stage of food processing?

Quaternary processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fermentation in food processing?

To make food more edible and digestible Signup and view all the answers

Which operation involves the transformation of food into a more concentrated form?

Evaporation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reformulation in food processing?

To make food more wholesome and healthier Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a secondary-processed food product?

Apple pie Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of mixing in food processing?

To achieve uniformity in raw materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of size adjustment operation?

Centrifugation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of homogenization in milk processing?

To break fats into emulsions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pump is commonly used for fluid flow in food processing?

Centrifugal pump Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of mass transfer operations in food processing?

To change the phase of a substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of agitation in mixing operations?

To achieve uniformity in raw materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of size adjustment operation that increases the size of a product?

Aggregation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pneumatic conveying in food processing?

To handle powders and small-particulate foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism behind mass transfer in a food product?

Diffusion of the component within the mixture Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of natural convection in food processing?

Movement of liquids inside canned foods during thermal sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mechanical agitation in convective heat transfer?

To facilitate forced convection Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of radiation heat transfer in food processing?

Baking of bread in an oven Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of mass transfer in food processing?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind mass transfer in a food product?

Changes in concentration or vapor pressure differences Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of agitation in mass transfer operations?

To facilitate mixing and increase the surface area Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between conduction heat transfer and mass transfer?

Conduction heat transfer enhances mass transfer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Food Processing

Food processing is the segment of the manufacturing industry that transforms raw materials into intermediate or finished value-added food products that are safer to eat.
Aims of food processing include:
- Extending the period during which food remains wholesome
- Providing (supplementing) nutrients required for health
- Providing variety and convenience in diet
- Adding value to diet

Stages of Food Processing

Primary processing: processing of food that occurs after harvesting or slaughter to make food ready for consumption or use in other food products
Secondary processing: turns primary-processed food or ingredient into other food products

Unit Operations in Food Processing

Fluid Flow

Involves transporting liquid food through pipes during processing
Powders and small-particulate foods are handled by pneumatic conveying
Fluids are transported by gravity flow or through the use of pumps
Centrifugal pump and positive displacement pump are two commonly used pumps for fluid flow

Mixing

Used to evenly distribute each ingredient during manufacturing of a food product
Achieves uniformity in the raw material or intermediate product before final production
Application of mechanical force to move ingredients (agitation) accomplishes mixing

Size Adjustment

Reduces or increases the size of food particles during processing
Methods include:
- Slicing
- Dicing
- Cutting
- Grinding
- Aggregation
- Agglomeration (e.g., instant coffee)
- Gelation

Heat Transfer

Fundamental processing principle in the food industry
Applications include:
- Thermal processing
- Evaporation (concentration)
- Drying
- Freezing
- Thawing
- Baking
- Cooking
Heat transfer is governed by heat exchange between a product and its surrounding medium
Three basic modes of heat transfer:
- Conduction
- Convection (natural and forced)
- Radiation

Mass Transfer

Applied in processes such as:
- Distillation
- Gas adsorption
- Crystallization
- Membrane process
- Evaporation
- Drying (without heating)
Involves migration of a constituent of fluid or a component of a mixture in or out of a food product

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Description

This quiz covers food process unit operations, including mass transfer and fluid flow. Topics include distillation, gas absorption, crystallization, and more.