Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is food preservation?
What is food preservation?
Processing food to delay and minimize spoilage.
Which of these are causes of food spoilage?
Which of these are causes of food spoilage?
- Microbes
- Enzymatic reactions
- Oxidation
- All of the above (correct)
What factors favor food spoilage?
What factors favor food spoilage?
- Moisture
- Temperature
- Acidity
- Exposure to oxygen
- All of the above (correct)
Which of these is a pre-industrial food preservation technique?
Which of these is a pre-industrial food preservation technique?
Which of these industrial food preservation techniques relies on heat treatment?
Which of these industrial food preservation techniques relies on heat treatment?
What is dehydration in terms of food preservation?
What is dehydration in terms of food preservation?
How does sugar impact microbial growth?
How does sugar impact microbial growth?
What is the primary benefit of canning as a food preservation method?
What is the primary benefit of canning as a food preservation method?
How does cold storage affect food spoilage?
How does cold storage affect food spoilage?
What is the primary difference between freezing and pasteurization?
What is the primary difference between freezing and pasteurization?
What is the main disadvantage of irradiation as a food preservation method?
What is the main disadvantage of irradiation as a food preservation method?
How does cooking alter the nutritional quality of food?
How does cooking alter the nutritional quality of food?
What is the primary goal of food preservation?
What is the primary goal of food preservation?
Which of these are considered main food spoilage factors?
Which of these are considered main food spoilage factors?
Which of these are considered 'Favour Spoilage Variables?'
Which of these are considered 'Favour Spoilage Variables?'
How does food preservation relate to 'Favour Spoilage Variables?'
How does food preservation relate to 'Favour Spoilage Variables?'
What is fermentation?
What is fermentation?
Which of these are the three main types of fermentation?
Which of these are the three main types of fermentation?
What is the common understanding of fermentation in relation to food and beverages?
What is the common understanding of fermentation in relation to food and beverages?
What is the role of lactic acid bacteria in food production?
What is the role of lactic acid bacteria in food production?
What are the two main nutrients by weight found in milk?
What are the two main nutrients by weight found in milk?
Curdling and fermentation are the same process.
Curdling and fermentation are the same process.
Cheese is an unprocessed food.
Cheese is an unprocessed food.
Which microorganism is commonly used for alcoholic fermentation?
Which microorganism is commonly used for alcoholic fermentation?
What contributes to the unique character of wine?
What contributes to the unique character of wine?
What factors contribute to the difference between lager and ale?
What factors contribute to the difference between lager and ale?
What makes sourdough bread distinct from non-sourdough bread?
What makes sourdough bread distinct from non-sourdough bread?
What is sustainability?
What is sustainability?
What are the three main types of sustainability?
What are the three main types of sustainability?
What is arable land?
What is arable land?
What are the main components of soil?
What are the main components of soil?
How is soil formed?
How is soil formed?
How do current land use and management practices threaten sustainability?
How do current land use and management practices threaten sustainability?
Plants can directly use nitrogen from the air.
Plants can directly use nitrogen from the air.
What is nitrogen fixation?
What is nitrogen fixation?
Which of these are main categories of pesticides?
Which of these are main categories of pesticides?
What is the main problem associated with DDT insecticide?
What is the main problem associated with DDT insecticide?
What is an oligopoly?
What is an oligopoly?
How do oligopolies form?
How do oligopolies form?
What is horizontal integration?
What is horizontal integration?
What is vertical integration?
What is vertical integration?
What is the primary consequence of industrial agriculture?
What is the primary consequence of industrial agriculture?
What is a food supply chain?
What is a food supply chain?
What is a food system?
What is a food system?
What characterizes an oligopoly in the food system?
What characterizes an oligopoly in the food system?
The current global food system is not an oligopoly.
The current global food system is not an oligopoly.
How do oligopolies form in the food system?
How do oligopolies form in the food system?
What is horizontal integration in business terms?
What is horizontal integration in business terms?
A food is either natural or processed; it cannot be both.
A food is either natural or processed; it cannot be both.
Most foods are not processed in some way.
Most foods are not processed in some way.
Pectin is a food additive according to Health Canada.
Pectin is a food additive according to Health Canada.
Aspartame is a food additive according to Health Canada.
Aspartame is a food additive according to Health Canada.
What is enrichment in terms of food?
What is enrichment in terms of food?
What is fortification in food terms?
What is fortification in food terms?
What is an example of fortification?
What is an example of fortification?
How much free sugar is approximately contained in one can of Coca-Cola?
How much free sugar is approximately contained in one can of Coca-Cola?
What historical figure is credited with inventing carbonated water?
What historical figure is credited with inventing carbonated water?
An increase in the number of food retailers has been a factor driving the industrialization of the food system over the last 100 years.
An increase in the number of food retailers has been a factor driving the industrialization of the food system over the last 100 years.
About 33% of the food globally is lost or wasted.
About 33% of the food globally is lost or wasted.
What is a species?
What is a species?
When did farmers begin using selective breeding or artificial selection?
When did farmers begin using selective breeding or artificial selection?
What is an example of an intraspecific hybrid?
What is an example of an intraspecific hybrid?
What is straight breeding?
What is straight breeding?
What is cross-breeding?
What is cross-breeding?
What did Gregor Mendel aim to study?
What did Gregor Mendel aim to study?
What did Gregor Mendel observe in the first generation of hybrid pea plants?
What did Gregor Mendel observe in the first generation of hybrid pea plants?
What did Gregor Mendel observe in the second generation of hybrid pea plants?
What did Gregor Mendel observe in the second generation of hybrid pea plants?
What did Mendel conclude from his experiments about the mechanism of plant hybridization?
What did Mendel conclude from his experiments about the mechanism of plant hybridization?
What is the key idea of classical genetics?
What is the key idea of classical genetics?
What are some examples of agricultural applications of classical genetics in Canada?
What are some examples of agricultural applications of classical genetics in Canada?
How does DNA distinguish one organism from another?
How does DNA distinguish one organism from another?
What is gene cloning?
What is gene cloning?
What is a transgenic organism?
What is a transgenic organism?
What is an early example of gene splicing?
What is an early example of gene splicing?
How do politics shape the food system?
How do politics shape the food system?
What organization is tasked with food governance in Canada?
What organization is tasked with food governance in Canada?
Flashcards
Food Preservation
Food Preservation
Processing food to delay and minimize spoilage.
Spoilage Causes
Spoilage Causes
Microbes, enzymatic reactions, and oxidation.
Spoilage Factors
Spoilage Factors
Moisture, temperature, acidity, & oxygen exposure.
Pre-Industrial Preservation
Pre-Industrial Preservation
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Industrial Preservation
Industrial Preservation
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Dehydration
Dehydration
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Tunnel Drying
Tunnel Drying
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Drum Drying
Drum Drying
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Spray Drying
Spray Drying
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Sugar Preservation
Sugar Preservation
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Canning Preservation
Canning Preservation
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Cold Preservation
Cold Preservation
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Freezing Preservation
Freezing Preservation
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Pasteurization Preservation
Pasteurization Preservation
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Irradiation Preservation
Irradiation Preservation
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Temperature
Temperature
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Fermentation
Fermentation
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Alcoholic Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Sustainability
Sustainability
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Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen Fixation
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Arable Land
Arable Land
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Study Notes
Food Preservation
- Food preservation is the process of delaying and minimizing spoilage in food.
- Causes of spoilage include microbes, enzymatic reactions, and oxidation.
- Factors that favour spoilage include moisture, temperature, acidity, and exposure to oxygen.
Food Preservation Methods (Pre-industrial)
- Drying
- Smoking
- Salting
- Sugaring
- Picking
- Canning
- Cooking
Food Preservation Methods (Industrial)
- Refrigeration
- Freezing
- Pasteurization
- Irradiation
- Preserving additives
- Vacuum packaging
- Dehydration (removal of water)
Industrial Drying Methods
- Tunnel drying
- Drum drying
- Spray drying
Other Concepts
- Sugar reduces moisture available for microbial life.
- Canning involves placing food in airtight containers and sterilizing with high heat.
- Cold preservation slows microbial growth and enzymatic reactions.
- Freezing inhibits microbial growth and slows down enzyme action.
- Pasteurization kills microbes and deactivates enzymes while minimizing flavour changes.
- Irradiation exposes food to ionizing radiation, damaging cells and proteins, leading to losses in vitamins and potential harm.
- Temperature is a measure of the hotness or coldness of a body.
- Heat is energy transferred from a hot to a cold body.
- Convection is the movement of fluids, conduction involves direct contact, and radiation involves electromagnetic waves.
- Kinetic energy of molecules increases when heat transfers to the food.
Fermentation
- Fermentation is an anaerobic metabolic process occurring in bacteria, yeasts, and oxygen-deprived muscle cells.
- Types of fermentation include alcoholic, acetic, and lactic acid fermentation.
- Lactic acid bacteria transform lactose into lactic acid.
- Water and carbohydrates are the two main nutrients in the majority of food sources.
- Curdling and fermentation are different processes.
Sustainability
- Sustainability is the ability to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations.
- Types of Sustainability: environmental, economic, social.
Soil
- Soil is composed of 45% mineral, 5% organic, 25% water, and 25% air.
- Rock weathering and biological activity form soil.
Food Security
- Food security is a human right.
- Nunavut has a high rate of food insecurity.
- Bread, pasta, and cereals are staples recommended in the USDA food pyramid.
- The 2019 food guide recommends limiting highly processed foods.
- The current food system is unsustainable.
- Water vapour, methane, and nitrous oxide are greenhouse gases.
- The movement of carbon from the geological to the atmospheric compartment increases the absorption of carbon in the oceans.
Food Labels
- Ingredient lists, nutrition facts tables, and origin must be present on food labels in Canada.
- Kilocalories per serving must be on the nutrition facts table.
- Protecting the environment is the original goal of organic farming.
- Organic food standards regulate the organic food market.
Scientific Research
- Limitations of scientific research in nutrition include the many factors affecting human nutrition and the complexities of experiments.
- Intervention studies isolate independent variables to test cause-effect hypotheses, while observational studies are used to observe factors that are not modifiable.
- Randomized controlled trials are a type of intervention study.
- Small sample size, short duration, and experimenter bias are limitations of observational studies.
Nutritional Claims
- Lipid hypothesis: high carb diets are less healthy than high fat diets; high glycemic index foods lead to diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions.
- Muscle fat is denser than fat, so taller people may have a lower BMI than shorter people, which can be a challenge when assessing ideal weight.
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Description
Explore the various methods of food preservation, both pre-industrial and industrial. This quiz covers essential techniques such as drying, canning, and refrigeration, along with the science behind spoilage. Test your knowledge on how food preservation affects microbial life and overall food quality.
