Food Loss and Cold Chains Impact
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of food is lost before reaching consumers?

  • 25%
  • 17%
  • 42%
  • 14% (correct)

    • High risk foods must be kept below 5 degrees Celsius or above 65 degrees Celsius to avoid the danger zone.

    True

    What protocol was signed in 1987 to help save the ozone layer?

    Montreal Protocol

    The term for the temperature supply chain for food is called the _____ chain.

    <p>cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason cooling technologies can be problematic?

    <p>They consume a lot of electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breaking the cold chain increases the risk of _____ contamination.

    <p>food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following temperatures with their corresponding safety categories:

    <p>Below 5°C = Safe for high risk foods Above 65°C = Safe for high risk foods Between 5°C and 65°C = Danger zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keeping food at temperatures above 5 degrees Celsius is desirable for preventing bacteria multiplication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage temperature for frozen foods?

    <p>-18 degree Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Raw whole fruits and vegetables require refrigeration to minimize spoilage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ice crystals during a slow freezing process?

    <p>They grow larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of rapidly freezing food to keep ice crystals small is called _____ freezing.

    <p>blast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the food type with its storage requirement:

    <p>Cheese = Requires refrigeration after ripening Raw whole fruits = Can be stored at room temperature Frozen chicken = Stored at -18 degree Celsius Blast freezer = Temperature set up to -40 degree Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a tip sensitive thermometer?

    <p>To accurately measure the core temperature of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to clean and disinfect the thermometer before use?

    <p>To prevent inserting forbidden bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blast freezing takes between 30 to 90 minutes to lower the temperature to -18 degree Celsius.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of canning food?

    <p>To kill germs and remove air from foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dried milk is made by adding moisture to fresh milk.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the conditions necessary for storing dried foods like flour and rice?

    <p>Tight fitting lids in containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Foods like fish and meat should be kept covered in the __________.

    <p>refrigerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods of preserving meat with their descriptions:

    <p>Cold storage = Halts the activity of microorganisms Canning = Packaging and sealing under high temperature Smoking = Kills bacteria and slows down growth Salting = Creates a too salty environment for bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of preserving milk?

    <p>Canning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The best way to store maize and beans is in glass containers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does boiling have on meat during preservation?

    <p>It kills most bacteria and reduces multiplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the environmentally friendly material mentioned?

    <p>70% clay particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-microbial packaging only prevents bacteria from spreading to food.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one traditional method of food preservation.

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Food preservation is the process of storing food properly for a certain period of time to avoid being ___.

    <p>spoiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a modern method of food preservation?

    <p>Refrigeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the preservation methods to their descriptions:

    <p>Smoking = Keeps bacteria and fungi away from meats Salting = Preserves fish and meat Drying = Removes most of the water from food Freezing = Stores foods below 0 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using super sensors in intelligent packaging?

    <p>To determine if food is tainted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A charcoal cooler is used to preserve food in areas that have no ___.

    <p>electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pasteurization in milk processing?

    <p>To kill harmful bacteria and ensure safety for human consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HTST pasteurization involves heating milk to 70 degrees Celsius for 30 seconds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the top consumers of milk powder.

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the concentration process, water is removed to enhance milk powder's _________.

    <p>shelf-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of fish with their descriptions:

    <p>Live fish = Fish sold in its living state Fillets = Common cut available from any fish Dressed fish = Fish with scales, organs, fins, head, and tail removed Steaks = Chop cut from larger fish like tuna or tanigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is added to milk powder to ensure it dissolves easily in water?

    <p>Soy lecithin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper packaging of milk powder protects it from air, humidity, and light.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature is milk preheated to during processing?

    <p>Approximately 60 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fillet is created by cutting a flat fish fillet in half lengthways?

    <p>Quarter cut fillet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bleeding is not necessary for most species of fish.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of salting fish during the preservation process?

    <p>To force out water from the flesh and enhance flavor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ involves treating fish with vinegar, garlic, and ginger.

    <p>Kilaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following preservation methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Salting = Adding salt to fish until it seeps through the flesh Drying = Exposing fish to heat or sun to remove moisture Smoking = Exposing fish to wood smoke for flavor Pickling = Treating fish with vinegar &amp; spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools is used to remove the scales of fish?

    <p>Fish scaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method of artificial drying?

    <p>Using an oven or constructed drier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sun drying involves using a mechanical kiln to dry fish.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Food Loss & Waste

    • 14% of food is lost before reaching consumers, and 17% is wasted annually.
    • Ineffective cold chains are a major cause.
    • Perishable food needs controlled temperature throughout production, storage, processing, marketing, and distribution.
    • Cooling technologies consume a significant amount of electricity, often from fossil fuels.
    • Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are powerful greenhouse gases.
    • Cold chains contribute about 4% of global GHG emissions, impacting climate change and food production.
    • Lack of access to cold chains affects food security, livelihoods, and market access.

    Improving Food Cold Chains

    • The Montreal Protocol (1987) aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ODS in cooling technologies.
    • Phasing down HFCs addresses energy efficiency.
    • Sustainable food cold chains support the SDGs and benefit farmers, fishers, and communities.
    • Better access to nutritious foods is a key goal.

    Temperature Control

    • Temperature control minimizes bacterial multiplication and reduces food spoilage risk.
    • Keeping food outside safe temperature zones increases spoilage risk.
    • The "cold chain" is a key principle in temperature control.

    Food that Doesn't Need Temperature Control

    • Some foods, like raw, whole fruits and vegetables, can be stored at room temperature (about 20°C) to maintain quality.
    • Storing them properly prevents spoilage and maximizes shelf life.

    Frozen Foods

    • Frozen foods must be kept below -18°C, both during storage and transport.
    • Maintaining this temperature is crucial for quality.
    • Different food types should be stored separately (dairy, meat, poultry, and fish).

    Measuring Food Temperatures

    • Core temperature (middle of the food) should be measured, as the outside might be different.
    • A sensitive thermometer or probe is necessary for accurate measurements.
    • Cleaning and disinfection of the thermometer before use is essential to avoid contamination.

    Blast Freezing

    • A process that quickly reduces food temperature.
    • High-velocity cold air lowers the temperature rapidly, reducing ice crystal size and maintaining food quality.
    • Helps protect nutrients and flavor in foods like chicken.
    • Important for preserving texture and flavor

    Food Packaging Technologies

    • Packaging keeps food safe and increases its shelf life.
    • Various packaging materials exist: paper/paperboard, plastic, glass, and metal.
    • Each material has advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, properties, and environmental impact.

    Edible Packaging

    • Innovative packaging created using edible materials.
    • Examples include containers for pumpkin soup, spinach membrane, lemon juice in lemon membrane, and melting chocolate in cherry membrane.

    Micro-Packaging

    • A nanotechnology-based material that is 70% water and clay.
    • It's a thin film-like substance, offering preservation capabilities compared to other food packaging options.

    Intelligent Packaging

    • Innovative packaging for food.
    • The packaging has sensors that determine whether the food is contaminated.
    • Designed to preserve the viability of food more effectively.

    Antimicrobial Packaging

    • Packaging that inhibits the growth and spread of bacteria, beyond just preventing bacteria from contacting the food.
    • This type of antimicrobial protection offers a long shelf-life for food.

    Food Preservation

    • Methods for storing food for prolonged periods, preventing spoilage.
    • Includes traditional (e.g., smoking, salting, drying, and low-temperature storage) and modern methods (e.g., canning, freezing).
    • Each method addresses issues like bacterial, pest, and fungal contamination to ensure food safety.

    Milk Preservation

    • Pasteurization is a critical step in milk preservation to achieve safety standards.
    • Temperature and time parameters are essential in the process.
    • Milk powder preservation is beneficial for storage.
    • Proper packaging is essential to maintain quality and safety during storage.

    Fish Preservation

    • Methods for Fish Preservation include drying, salting, and smoking to maintain freshness and inhibit bacterial growth.
    • Different sizes and preparation methods for fish are used for preservation.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the critical issues surrounding food loss and waste, particularly the role of cold chains in ensuring food security. It also delves into the environmental impacts of refrigeration technologies and international efforts like the Montreal Protocol to mitigate these challenges. Discover how improving food cold chains can lead to sustainable practices and benefits for communities.

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