Food Basics Unit 1 Quiz

Unit 1: Food Basics

• Food is essential for all living things, supplying the body's physical needs (sustenance, growth, tissue repair) and providing chemical energy
• Food sources are diverse; plant-based (grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables) and animal-based (meat, milk, eggs, fish)
• Food chains demonstrate the transfer of energy and matter through interactions between species within an ecosystem
• Food safety is a crucial concern, important since ancient times
• Food consists of key nutrients
  • Moisture: Essential for food processing, packaging, preservation, and shelf-life
  • Carbohydrates: Provide primary energy source; simple (sugars) and complex (starches, fiber)
  • Proteins: Essential for growth, repair, and production of enzymes and hormones
  • Lipids (Fats & Oils): Important to insulate the body, produce hormones
  • Vitamins: Organic compounds needed in small quantities for various metabolic functions; fat-soluble and water-soluble
  • Minerals: Essential, non-organic elements crucial for various bodily functions (e.g. calcium for bones, iron for oxygen transport)
• Nutrients & Food functions:
  • Physiological: Energy provision (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) body building (proteins), body regulation (water, vitamins, minerals).
  • Psychological: Satisfies hunger, gives pleasure
  • Social: Food usage in social gatherings, festivals
• Consumption trends vary based on economic factors, environment, cultures, and beliefs
• Food processing is a key aspect of the food industry, influencing quality, shelf-life, and availability
• Food trade involves the exchange of food across geographical boundaries
• National food policies have objectives for production, processing, and distribution of food products, to ensure safety and affordability

1.1 Introduction

• All living beings need food for survival and sustenance

1.2 Food Source

• Food comes from plants, animals and their byproducts
• Chemical energy forms are sourced from the sun to plant life, then to animals and humans via consumption

1.3 Food Chain

• Demonstrates feeding relationships in an ecosystem
• Shows how energy and matter are passed between organisms

1.4 Food Safety

• Food safety is a crucial concern, important since ancient times
• Concerns involve quality and safety of foods to avoid spoilage and illnesses.

1.5 Food Constituents

• Nutrients provide energy and are vital for body functions
• Moisture, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats & oils), vitamins, and minerals are key constituents

1.6 Food and Its Functions

• Food plays physiological, psychological, and social roles in humans

1.7 Sacred Foods and Food Taboos

• Certain foods hold religious or cultural significance
• Consuming specific foods is often restricted by various religions or cultures

1.8 Food as Source of Nutrients

• Carbohydrates (rich food): Provide energy
• Protein (rich food): Essential for bodily functions and structure
• Fats & Oils (rich food): Important for insulation, hormone production and vitamin absorption
• Vitamins & Minerals: Essential for varied bodily functions

1.9 Cuisines

• Cuisines are unique styles of cooking traditions and practices associated with various cultures and regions

1.10 Consumption Trends

• Consumption trends of food are influenced by various factors including economic situations, cultures, and technological advances

1.11 Food Industry

• Organized and structured into 4 key segments: production (agriculture, raising animals, etc.), processing (manufacturing, transformation), distribution (transporting, handling) and marketing (selling, promotion)
• Food industry is a large sector in many nations

1.12 Processing and Value Addition

• Food processing adds value through improving quality, shelf-life, and increasing convenience. 

1.13 National Food Processing Policy

• Aims to increase production, and ensure safe, quality, and affordable food products for consumers, by improving access to resources and technology

1.14 Food Trade

• Exchange of food across international boundaries has grown significantly

1.15 Let Us Sum Up

• Food is essential for life, has various functions impacting a variety of life aspects
• Nutritional composition, and quality are crucial for human health

1.16 Key Words

• Defines key terms in the context of food, including food safety, national food policies, etc.

1.17 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises

• Provides answers to questions regarding exercises regarding food concepts

1.18 Some Useful Books

• Provides a list of recommended resources about food science and technology