Food and Nutrition Quiz

Study Notes

Food + Nutrition

Test for Starch:
- Iodine test reveals starch presence; changes from brown to blue-black.
- Water used as a control substance to compare results.
Structural Role of Carbohydrates:
- Cellulose is a vital carbohydrate that forms plant cell walls, providing structure and rigidity.
Metabolic Role of Carbohydrates:
- Carbohydrates serve as a primary energy source for ATP production.
- They play a crucial role in energy storage within organisms.
Lipids:
- Composed of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) without a fixed ratio; contains minimal oxygen.
- At room temperature, fats are typically solid while oils are liquid.
- Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids.
- Phospholipids have a phosphate group that replaces one fatty acid, essential for forming cell membranes.
Structural Role of Lipids:
- Integral components of cell membranes, providing structural integrity.
- Serve to insulate heat, protect internal organs, and act as energy reserves.
- Involved in storing fat-soluble vitamins and hormones.
Test for Lipids:
- Brown paper test detects lipids; a translucent stain indicates the presence of fats.
Proteins:
- Consist of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N); some proteins also include Sulfur (S) and Phosphorus (P).
- Proteins are large, complex molecules with no fixed atomic ratio.
- Made from 20 common amino acids, characterized by distinct functional groups: the carboxyl group (COOH) and the amine group (-NH2).