Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
Proteins serve only as building blocks and cannot act as a fuel source.
Proteins serve only as building blocks and cannot act as a fuel source.
False
Name one vitamin and its function.
Name one vitamin and its function.
Vitamin A for producing skin and seeing well
Fats can be stored as food reserves under the ______.
Fats can be stored as food reserves under the ______.
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Which of the following substances does not need to be digested?
Which of the following substances does not need to be digested?
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Match the following nutrients with their functions:
Match the following nutrients with their functions:
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Dietary fiber is completely digestible and provides energy.
Dietary fiber is completely digestible and provides energy.
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What are the two types of digestion?
What are the two types of digestion?
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What is the primary function of molars in the digestive system?
What is the primary function of molars in the digestive system?
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The oesophagus is responsible for the absorption of nutrients.
The oesophagus is responsible for the absorption of nutrients.
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What does the pyloric sphincter do?
What does the pyloric sphincter do?
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The function of saliva includes ______ and ______.
The function of saliva includes ______ and ______.
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Match the following organs with their functions:
Match the following organs with their functions:
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What is the role of dietary fiber in digestion?
What is the role of dietary fiber in digestion?
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A healthy Body Mass Index (BMI) for boys aged 12 to 14 is between 15 to 23.
A healthy Body Mass Index (BMI) for boys aged 12 to 14 is between 15 to 23.
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What are the consequences of being underweight?
What are the consequences of being underweight?
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In case of ______, the vermiform appendix is inflamed.
In case of ______, the vermiform appendix is inflamed.
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Match the following eating disorders with their descriptions:
Match the following eating disorders with their descriptions:
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Which food type is harder to digest due to the presence of cellulose?
Which food type is harder to digest due to the presence of cellulose?
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The intestines of carnivores are comparatively longer than those of herbivores.
The intestines of carnivores are comparatively longer than those of herbivores.
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What function does bile serve in digestion?
What function does bile serve in digestion?
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Adults have a healthy BMI range of ______.
Adults have a healthy BMI range of ______.
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What is a common consequence of being overweight?
What is a common consequence of being overweight?
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Study Notes
Food and Nutrition
- Foodstuffs: All products eaten or drunk. Classified as vegetable (plants) or animal-based (animals or animal products).
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Nutrients: Usable components of foodstuffs. Categorized as:
- Building blocks: Construct cells and tissues, crucial for growth, development, and recovery.
- Fuels: Provide energy for movement, body temperature, growth and repair.
- Food reserves: Stored in the body.
- Protective substances: Maintain health.
Nutrient Groups and Functions
- Proteins: Primarily building blocks but also fuel. Excess converted to fat and stored.
- Carbohydrates: Primarily fuel, also building blocks and reserves. Examples include sugars (glucose), starch, and glycogen. Excess converted to fat. Glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
- Fats: Primarily fuel, also building blocks and reserves. Can be stored under the skin.
- Water: Essential for building materials and transporting substances.
- Minerals (salts): Building materials and protective substances. Example: calcium phosphate for bones.
- Vitamins: Building materials and protective substances. Identified by letters (e.g., A, B, C, D, K). Examples include vitamin A for skin and vision, and vitamin D for bone calcium absorption.
Digestion
- Digestion: Conversion of nutrients unable to pass through the gut wall into usable forms. Proteins, most carbs, and fats are digested. Glucose, minerals, vitamins, and water don't need digestion.
- Mechanical Digestion: Breaking food into smaller pieces (chewing).
- Chemical Digestion: Converting nutrients using digestive juices, containing enzymes.
- Enzymes: Substances speeding up chemical reactions, crucial in digestion.
Digestive System Components and Functions
- Oral Cavity (Mouth): Salivary glands produce saliva (water, mucus, starch-digesting enzyme).
- Oesophagus (Gullet): Transports food from the throat to the stomach.
- Stomach: Temporary storage; gastric glands produce gastric juice (water, hydrochloric acid (kills bacteria), protein-digesting enzyme). Pyloric sphincter controls stomach exit.
- Liver: Produces bile (contains enzymes; emulsifies fats), stored in the gallbladder.
- Pancreas: Produces pancreatic juice (contains enzymes to digest proteins, carbohydrates, and fats).
- Duodenum: Site where bile and pancreatic juices mix with chyme (food pulp).
- Small Intestine: Absorbs nutrients, digestion products, and water into the blood. Highly folded, with villi containing blood vessels.
- Large Intestine: Absorbs water from undigested food, producing thicker waste. Bacteria digest cellulose, producing glucose.
- Rectum: Collects and stores waste (faeces).
- Anus: Sphincter controlling waste elimination.
Digestive Juices
- Saliva: Water, mucus, and an enzyme for partial starch digestion.
- Gastric juice: Water, hydrochloric acid (kills bacteria), and an enzyme for partial protein digestion.
- Bile: Contains enzymes, emulsifies fats.
- Pancreatic juice: Various enzymes for protein, carbohydrate, and fat digestion.
Diet and Health
- Balanced Diet: Necessary to get nutrients from each food group.
- Body Mass Index (BMI): Formula comparing weight and height to assess healthy weight. Different thresholds based on age group.
- Overweight/Obesity: Health risks include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and joint problems.
- Underweight: Higher risk of illness and fatigue.
- Healthy Weight Choices: Eat healthily, avoid skipping meals, and limit unhealthy foods.
Eating Disorders
- Causes: Cultural/media influences, life events, control issues, fear of failure or perfectionism.
- Types: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder.
- Consequences: Malnutrition, internal damage (anorexia, bulimia), possible obesity (binge eating).
Dietary Adaptations for Different Diets
- Harder Plant-Based Digestion: Plant cell walls (cellulose) are slower to digest than animal-based foods.
- Herbivores: Longer intestines, ridged molars, lack of canines.
- Carnivores: Shorter intestines, molars for shearing/cutting, pointed canines, wider upper jaw.
- Omnivores: Medium intestines, molars for both cutting and grinding, generally with canines.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of food and nutrition, including the classification of foodstuffs, nutrient groups, and their functions within the body. Explore the roles of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and water as building blocks, fuels, and protective substances vital for health. Test your knowledge on how nutrients contribute to growth, energy, and recovery.
