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What is the Food and Drugs Authority's vision?
What is the Food and Drugs Authority's vision?
What is the primary mission of the FDA?
What is the primary mission of the FDA?
What is the FDA's quality policy?
What is the FDA's quality policy?
What is the FDA's mandate?
What is the FDA's mandate?
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When was the FDA established?
When was the FDA established?
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What is the legal basis of the FDA's mandate?
What is the legal basis of the FDA's mandate?
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What is the responsibility of the FDA's Governing Board?
What is the responsibility of the FDA's Governing Board?
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How many members are on the FDA's Governing Board?
How many members are on the FDA's Governing Board?
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What is the orientation of solubilisate within the micelle?
What is the orientation of solubilisate within the micelle?
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Where can solubilisate be located within the micelle?
Where can solubilisate be located within the micelle?
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What is the characteristic of the micelle interior?
What is the characteristic of the micelle interior?
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What is the difference between solubilisation and emulsification?
What is the difference between solubilisation and emulsification?
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What happens during storage of emulsification products?
What happens during storage of emulsification products?
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What is the characteristic of solubilisation end-products?
What is the characteristic of solubilisation end-products?
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What is the primary reason for surfactant monomers to self-assemble in the bulk of the surfactant solution?
What is the primary reason for surfactant monomers to self-assemble in the bulk of the surfactant solution?
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What is the term used to describe the concentration at which micelles begin to form?
What is the term used to describe the concentration at which micelles begin to form?
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What is the result of surfactant accumulation at the surface or interface?
What is the result of surfactant accumulation at the surface or interface?
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What is the composition of the core of anionic micelles?
What is the composition of the core of anionic micelles?
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What is the term used to describe the process of surfactant monomers forming aggregates in the bulk of the surfactant solution?
What is the term used to describe the process of surfactant monomers forming aggregates in the bulk of the surfactant solution?
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What is the characteristic of the head groups of anionic micelles?
What is the characteristic of the head groups of anionic micelles?
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What is the layer that is adjacent to the Stern Layer?
What is the layer that is adjacent to the Stern Layer?
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What is the driving force behind the formation of micelles?
What is the driving force behind the formation of micelles?
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What is the primary factor that affects the solubility of a crystalline solid in a micelle?
What is the primary factor that affects the solubility of a crystalline solid in a micelle?
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What happens to the CMC of an ionic micelle when an electrolyte is added?
What happens to the CMC of an ionic micelle when an electrolyte is added?
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Which type of surfactant is a better solubilising agent in very dilute solutions?
Which type of surfactant is a better solubilising agent in very dilute solutions?
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What happens to the extent of solubilisation of a polar solubilisate in an ionic micelle when the temperature is increased?
What happens to the extent of solubilisation of a polar solubilisate in an ionic micelle when the temperature is increased?
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What is the effect of increasing the size of a micelle on the amount of material solubilised?
What is the effect of increasing the size of a micelle on the amount of material solubilised?
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What is the primary factor that affects the solubility of a non-polar solubilisate in a micelle?
What is the primary factor that affects the solubility of a non-polar solubilisate in a micelle?
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What happens to the aggregation number of an ionic micelle when an electrolyte is added?
What happens to the aggregation number of an ionic micelle when an electrolyte is added?
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What is the effect of increased thermal agitation on the solubility of a solubilisate in a micelle?
What is the effect of increased thermal agitation on the solubility of a solubilisate in a micelle?
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Study Notes
Food and Drugs Authority Ghana (FDA Ghana)
- Vision: To create and sustain a Regulatory Centre of Excellence on the African Continent.
Mission
- Protect public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of:
- Human and veterinary drugs
- Food
- Biological products
- Cosmetics
- Medical devices
- Household chemical substances
- Tobacco
- Conduct of clinical trials in the country
Quality Policy
- Ensure quality, safe, and efficacious/ effective/ wholesome products through:
- Registration
- Inspections
- Licensing
- Surveillance
- Clinical Trials activities
- Conformity with national and international standards to meet customer satisfaction
Mandate
- National Regulatory Body responsible for the regulation of:
- Food
- Drugs
- Food supplements
- Herbal and homeopathic medicines
- Veterinary medicines
- Cosmetics
- Medical devices
- Household chemical substances
- Tobacco and tobacco products
- Conduct of clinical trials protocols
History
- Established in 1992 as the Food and Drugs Board (FDB) based on the 1992 Food and Drug Law (PNDCL 305B)
- Renamed to Food and Drugs Authority in 2012 after the Food and Drugs Act of 1996 and Public Health Act 581, 2012
Governance
- Legal mandate found in Part 6 (Tobacco Control Measures), Part 7 (organisation and responsibilities of the FDA), and Part 8 (Clinical trials) of the Public Health Act, 2012 Act 851
- Eleven-member Governing Board responsible for ensuring effective implementation of the Authority's functions
- Administered by the Chief Executive Officer, who reports to the Governing Board and oversees daily operational management, service delivery, and strategic issues.
Micellisation
- The number of surfactant monomers increases at the interface until a concentration is reached where they self-assemble in the bulk of the surfactant solution to form aggregates called micelles.
- Micelles are formed as an alternative to overcrowding of the interface.
- The concentration at which micelles begin to form is the critical micelle concentration (CMC).
Types of Micelles
- Non-ionic micelle
- Anionic micelle
- Cationic micelle
Structure of Micelles
- Micelles have a hydrocarbon core and a Stern layer with ionic head groups.
- Guoy-Chapman layer is present at the surface of the micelle.
Solubilisation
- Micelles are dynamic species with liquid-like interiors.
- Certain orientations and locations within the micelle may be greatly preferred depending on the nature of the solubilisate.
- Solubilisates can be located in different parts of the micelle, including:
- The surface of the micelle
- Between the hydrophilic head groups
- Palisade layer
- Deeper in the palisade layer
- Micelle core
Factors Affecting Solubilisation
- Surfactant:
- Size of micelle affects solubilisation, with larger micelles generally solubilising more material.
- CMC affects solubilisation, with non-ionic surfactants being better solubilising agents than ionics in very dilute solutions.
- Solubilisate:
- Crystalline solids have less solubility in micelles than liquids of similar structure.
- Electrolyte:
- Addition of electrolyte to ionic micelles decreases CMC and increases aggregation number, leading to increased solubilisation.
- Temperature:
- Increased temperature for ionic surfactants increases the extent of solubilisation for both polar and nonpolar solubilisates.
- Increased thermal agitation generally increases the space available for solubilisation in the micelle.
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Description
This quiz covers the vision, mission, and quality objectives of the Food and Drugs Authority in Ghana, responsible for ensuring public health and safety.
