Folliculitis and Skin Infections

Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of alopecia areata?

Permanent loss of hair in all regions

Immune-mediated disease affecting hair follicles (correct)

Increased hair growth in localized areas

Temporary thinning of hair without immune involvement

Which treatment is commonly used for androgenetic alopecia in females when there is evidence of androgen excess?

Scalp biopsy

Spironolactone (correct)

Minoxidil

Finasteride

What distinguishes scarring alopecia from nonscarring alopecia?

Localized hair loss without any symptoms

Presence of inflammation and follicle destruction (correct)

Temporary loss of hair only

Inability to regrow hair completely after loss

How does androgenetic alopecia typically manifest in males?

Bitemporal region balding and thinning vertex Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the hair follicle lifecycle is correct?

Catagen is a transitional phase between growth and rest. Signup and view all the answers

What role does clinical judgment play in diagnosing androgenetic alopecia in males?

It is usually sufficient but may require scalp biopsy if unclear. Signup and view all the answers

In females with pattern alopecia, what should be evaluated alongside their hair loss?

Medical conditions or nutritional deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

Which of these stages in the hair follicle lifecycle is considered a resting phase?

Telogen Signup and view all the answers

What is a common pattern of hair loss seen in alopecia areata known as ophiasis?

Hair loss in a band-like distribution above the ears Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of alopecia areata?

Alopecia marginalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complaint of patients experiencing telogen effluvium?

Increased hair shedding Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic method is used when the diagnosis of alopecia areata is uncertain?

Scalp biopsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could potentially trigger telogen effluvium?

Acute and chronic illnesses Signup and view all the answers

Patients with which form of alopecia areata may have a prognosis that is more difficult to treat?

Alopecia totalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of increased hair shedding in telogen effluvium?

Shortened anagen phase and early conversion to telogen Signup and view all the answers

Corticosteroids for the treatment of alopecia areata can be administered in which forms?

Oral, topical, or injected Signup and view all the answers

What is a common synonym for pseudofolliculitis barbae?

Razor bumps Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is primarily associated with hot tub folliculitis?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Signup and view all the answers

What type of folliculitis may occur due to chronic rubbing or occlusion?

Nonbacterial folliculitis Signup and view all the answers

In patients with diabetes, which infection is frequently associated with folliculitis?

Staphylococcal infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical presentation of Gram-negative folliculitis during antibiotic treatment of acne?

Flare of acne pustules or nodules Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of pseudofolliculitis barbae due to secondary infections?

Keloidal scarring Signup and view all the answers

How is management typically approached for hot tub folliculitis?

Watchful waiting or ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes sycosis in relation to folliculitis?

Deep-seated and chronic lesions on the head and neck Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a firm, nonpainful swelling of the nose resulting in rhinophyma?

Phymatous rosacea Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is most commonly associated with the epidemiology of onychomycosis?

Trichophyton rubrum Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is typically reserved for severe cases of rosacea that do not respond to other treatments?

Oral isotretinoin Signup and view all the answers

What is a cosmetic feature associated with rhinophyma in its fibrous form?

Peau d'orange appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which topical medication is not effective in all cases for treating erythema and telangiectasia associated with rosacea?

Brimonidine 0.5% gel Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for onychomycosis to typically not resolve spontaneously?

Progression to involve more nails Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a first-line systemic antibiotic commonly used in rosacea management?

Minocycline Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical areas can phymatous rosacea present, apart from the nose?

Chin, forehead, and eyelids Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable symptom patients with cicatricial alopecia may report?

Severe pain or burning sensation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT a known cause of body lice infestation?

Traveling to tropical countries Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for pubic lice involvement?

Thick application of petrolatum Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to clothing infested with body lice?

Wash and dry at high temperature Signup and view all the answers

What common feature is associated with pediculosis diagnosis?

Nits attached to hair shafts Signup and view all the answers

How can head lice primarily be transmitted among individuals?

Shared hats or combs Signup and view all the answers

In what condition might cicatricial alopecia frequently lead to asymptomatic hair loss?

Frontal fibrosing alopecia Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of choice for lice infestation?

Permethrin 1% lotion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alopecia Overview

Alopecia refers to hair loss in areas where hair is typically present, classified as localized or diffuse, temporary or permanent.
Two main types: scarring (scarring alopecia) and nonscarring alopecia.

Hair Growth Stages

Hair follicles cycle through three stages:
- Anagen: Growth phase
- Catagen: Involution phase
- Telogen: Resting phase

Androgenetic Alopecia

Most common type of hair loss.
Males show balding in bitemporal regions, and thinning at the vertex.
Females experience frontal scalp thinning with an increase in part width, maintaining the frontal hairline.
Diagnosis often relies on clinical judgment; scalp biopsy may be needed for confirmation.
Treatment includes Minoxidil and Finasteride; antiandrogens may be used for females with androgen excess.

Alopecia Areata

An immune-mediated condition affecting hair follicle bulbs, leading to patchy hair loss.
Presentations can vary from limited patchy areas to total hair loss (alopecia totalis) or complete body hair loss (alopecia universalis).
Diagnosis is straightforward but may require differentiation from tinea capitis or trichotillomania.
Treatment typically involves corticosteroids, with a good prognosis for limited cases.

Telogen Effluvium

Characterized by increased hair shedding due to a shortened anagen phase.
Possible triggers include postpartum changes, medications, stress, and nutritional deficiencies.
Diagnosis can involve hair pluck tests; generally resolves when underlying triggers are addressed.

Cicatricial (Scarring) Alopecia

Refers to permanent damage to hair follicles, often accompanied by pain or discomfort.
Types include lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and discoid lupus erythematosus.

Pediculosis (Lice Infestation)

Can affect scalp, body, and pubic areas; prevalence among children, especially in schools.
Head lice are transmitted through shared items; body lice are associated with poor hygiene in overcrowded conditions.
Diagnosis based on pruritus, presence of nits, and lice; treatment typically involves permethrin or malathion, addressing social circumstances for body lice.

Folliculitis

Inflammation of hair follicles, often due to Staphylococcus infection; linked to diabetes.
Symptoms include burning and itching, with pustules forming around follicles.
Can be caused by various factors including heat (hot tub folliculitis) and friction.

Pseudofolliculitis Barbae

Commonly known as "razor bumps," often seen in men of color due to curly hair follicles.
Can cause keloidal scarring and secondary infections.

Rosacea

Characterized by persistent redness and swelling, often affecting the nose (rhinophyma).
Manages with topical treatments (metronidazole, ivermectin) and systemic antibiotics (minocycline, doxycycline).
Advanced cases may require isotretinoin or surgical interventions.

Onychomycosis

Fungal infection of the nails, predominantly affecting toenails in older adults.
Most cases are caused by dermatophytes, particularly Trichophyton rubrum.
Without treatment, onychomycosis can worsen and affect additional nails.

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Description

This quiz explores the various conditions associated with folliculitis, including its causes, symptoms, and specific types. It highlights the connection between staphylococcal infections and chronic lesions, as well as the implications for patients with diabetes. Test your knowledge on the signs and treatments of this common skin issue.