Follicular and Luteal Phases in Female Reproductive Cycle

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Questions and Answers

During which phase of the oestrous cycle does the vascularity of the female reproductive tract increase?

Dioestrous

Proestrus (correct)

Metestrus

Estrus

What triggers the growth of follicles during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle?

High estrogen levels

Vascularity of the reproductive tract

Progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum (correct)

Rapid decrease in FSH and LH levels

In which phase of the oestrous cycle is the reproductive system under the dominant influence of progesterone?

Metestrus

Estrus

Dioestrous (correct)

Proestrus

Which phase of the follicular wave consists of increasing FSH and LH levels followed by ovulation?

Dominance Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do non-selected follicles undergo atresia during the oestrous cycle?

Recruitment Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

Produce progesterone and oestrogens Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the ovarian cycle does luteinisation occur?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is mainly responsible for stimulating the development of follicles in the ovary?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the oestrous cycle involves preparation for pregnancy?

Luteal phase Signup and view all the answers

In the female reproductive endocrine axis, where is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) produced?

Anterior lobe of pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

How does oestrogen impact GnRH pulse amplitude?

Increases it Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the female reproductive system?

Stimulate ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of animal has a monoestrous oestrous cycle?

Female dog Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the surge centre in response to high levels of oestrogen?

Increase LH and FSH levels Signup and view all the answers

In the female reproductive system, what does progesterone do to GnRH pulse frequency?

Decreases it Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the cyclical nature of ovarian activity that allows female animals to transition from a period of reproductive receptivity to nonreceptivity after mating?

Oestrus cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the female reproductive system in terms of hormone production?

To produce oestrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for producing ova in the female reproductive system?

Ovary Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the oestrous cycle does luteinisation occur?

Luteal phase Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'follicular waves' refer to in relation to the oestrous cycle?

Sequential growth and regression of ovarian follicles Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the oestrous cycle does the Corpus Luteum start to develop and progesterone levels increase?

Metestrus Signup and view all the answers

What hormone experiences a surge during Estrus phase of the oestrous cycle?

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the oestrous cycle is characterized by sexual receptivity in female mammals?

Proestrus Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Corpus Luteum if conception does not occur?

It regresses Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone exerts dominant influence over the reproductive organs during Diestrus phase of the oestrous cycle?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for the regression of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum?

Metestrus Signup and view all the answers

In the pre-ovulatory follicle, what hormone surge triggers ovulation in the female reproductive system?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Signup and view all the answers

What results from the increased blood flow and hormonal changes during the estrus phase of the oestrous cycle?

Increased oedema and hyperaemia Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the growth of follicles in anovulatory waves?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Signup and view all the answers

When does meiosis start in oocytes in comparison to sperm?

Meiosis starts in oocytes during embryonic stages, while in sperm it starts from puberty. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the second meiotic division in the ovum?

Fertilization by a sperm cell Signup and view all the answers

In folliculogenesis, what is the main function of granulosa cells?

To produce sex hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does a mature egg emerge in oogenesis?

Graafian follicle stage Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is chiefly responsible for the monthly growth, maturation, and release of an egg?

Graafian follicle Signup and view all the answers

How is the ovary affected by the presence of a preovulatory (mature) follicle?

The ovary becomes more vascularized for nutrient supply to the follicle. Signup and view all the answers

Which event directly precedes the formation of a secondary oocyte?

Meiotic arrest before the first meiotic division Signup and view all the answers

Explain the mutual incompatibility of the two main functions of the reproductive tract in the non-pregnant female.

Preparation for ovulation and preparation for pregnancy are mutually incompatible in the non-pregnant female, exerted in distinct phases. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the types of oestrous cycles and provide an example for each type.

The types of oestrous cycles include monoestrous, seasonal, and non-seasonal. Examples include the bitch, sheep, and cow, respectively. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between oestrogen and GnRH pulse amplitude in the female reproductive endocrine axis.

Oestrogen decreases GnRH pulse amplitude in the female reproductive endocrine axis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between the length of the oestrous cycle and the period of oestrus/estrus in cows.

The length of the oestrous cycle is the time interval between the periods of oestrus/estrus in cows. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the physiological changes that occur during the Metestrus phase of the oestrous cycle.

During Metestrus, the Corpus Luteum starts to develop, progesterone levels increase, and estrogen is low. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of Oogenesis in female mammals and how it relates to the production of ova.

Oogenesis refers to the production of female gametes (ova) from the constant number of primary oocytes that female mammals are born with. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the granulosa cells in follicular development?

Granulosa cells support oocyte growth and development by providing nutrients and growth factors. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the hormonal changes that occur during the Estrus phase of the oestrous cycle.

During Estrus, there is a surge in estrogen levels which triggers ovulation and prepares the female for mating. Signup and view all the answers

How does the female reproductive endocrine axis regulate the release of GnRH?

The pulsatile center in the hypothalamus regulates the basal secretion of GnRH, while the surge center controls the episodic release of GnRH. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of follicular waves in relation to the oestrous cycle.

Follicular waves refer to the coordinated growth and regression of multiple follicles in the ovary during the oestrous cycle, ensuring a continuous supply of mature oocytes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oestrous Cycle

The vascularity of the female reproductive tract increases during the follicular phase.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) triggers the growth of follicles during the luteal phase.
The reproductive system is under the dominant influence of progesterone during the luteal phase.
The follicular wave consists of increasing FSH and LH levels followed by ovulation during the follicular phase.
Non-selected follicles undergo atresia during the luteal phase.

Hormones and Their Roles

The corpus luteum's main function is to produce progesterone.
Progesterone levels increase during the luteal phase.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary.
Estrogen decreases GnRH pulse amplitude.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the release of FSH and LH.
Progesterone slows down GnRH pulse frequency.

Reproductive System

The surge centre responds to high levels of estrogen by triggering the LH surge.
The main function of the female reproductive system is to produce sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
The ovary is responsible for producing ova.
The cyclic nature of ovarian activity allows female animals to transition from reproductive receptivity to non-receptivity after mating, known as the oestrous cycle.

Oestrous Cycle Phases

The follicular phase involves preparation for pregnancy.
Luteinisation occurs during the luteal phase.
The corpus luteum starts to develop and progesterone levels increase during the luteal phase.
Ovulation occurs during the follicular phase.
LH surge triggers ovulation in the female reproductive system.

Oocyte Maturation

Meiosis starts in oocytes before sperm.
The LH surge triggers the second meiotic division in the ovum.
Granulosa cells support oocyte maturation during folliculogenesis.
A mature egg emerges from the ovary during oogenesis.

Oestrous Cycle Types

Monoestrous oestrous cycle: a single estrous cycle per breeding season (e.g., bears).
Polyestrous oestrous cycle: multiple estrous cycles per breeding season (e.g., dogs).
Seasonal polyestrous oestrous cycle: estrous cycles occur at specific times of the year (e.g., horses).

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Description

Learn about the hormonal changes and physiological events during the follicular and luteal phases of the female reproductive cycle. Topics include the role of estrogen, progesterone, corpus luteum regression, GnRH, LH, uterine changes, blood flow increase, and behavioral changes. Ideal for veterinary students or anyone interested in animal reproduction.