Follicular and Luteal Phases in Female Reproductive Cycle

47 Questions

During which phase of the oestrous cycle does the vascularity of the female reproductive tract increase?

Proestrus

What triggers the growth of follicles during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle?

Progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum

In which phase of the oestrous cycle is the reproductive system under the dominant influence of progesterone?

Dioestrous

Which phase of the follicular wave consists of increasing FSH and LH levels followed by ovulation?

Dominance

In which phase do non-selected follicles undergo atresia during the oestrous cycle?

Recruitment

What is the main function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

Produce progesterone and oestrogens

During which phase of the ovarian cycle does luteinisation occur?

Ovulation

Which hormone is mainly responsible for stimulating the development of follicles in the ovary?

FSH

Which phase of the oestrous cycle involves preparation for pregnancy?

Luteal phase

In the female reproductive endocrine axis, where is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) produced?

Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

How does oestrogen impact GnRH pulse amplitude?

Increases it

What is the main role of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the female reproductive system?

Stimulate ovulation

Which type of animal has a monoestrous oestrous cycle?

Female dog

What is the main function of the surge centre in response to high levels of oestrogen?

Increase LH and FSH levels

In the female reproductive system, what does progesterone do to GnRH pulse frequency?

Decreases it

Which term refers to the cyclical nature of ovarian activity that allows female animals to transition from a period of reproductive receptivity to nonreceptivity after mating?

Oestrus cycle

What is the main function of the female reproductive system in terms of hormone production?

To produce oestrogen and progesterone

Which structure is responsible for producing ova in the female reproductive system?

Ovary

During which phase of the oestrous cycle does luteinisation occur?

Luteal phase

What does the term 'follicular waves' refer to in relation to the oestrous cycle?

Sequential growth and regression of ovarian follicles

During which phase of the oestrous cycle does the Corpus Luteum start to develop and progesterone levels increase?

Metestrus

What hormone experiences a surge during Estrus phase of the oestrous cycle?

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Which phase of the oestrous cycle is characterized by sexual receptivity in female mammals?

Proestrus

What happens to the Corpus Luteum if conception does not occur?

It regresses

Which hormone exerts dominant influence over the reproductive organs during Diestrus phase of the oestrous cycle?

Progesterone

What hormone is responsible for the regression of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

Progesterone

Which phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum?

Metestrus

In the pre-ovulatory follicle, what hormone surge triggers ovulation in the female reproductive system?

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

What results from the increased blood flow and hormonal changes during the estrus phase of the oestrous cycle?

Increased oedema and hyperaemia

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the growth of follicles in anovulatory waves?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

When does meiosis start in oocytes in comparison to sperm?

Meiosis starts in oocytes during embryonic stages, while in sperm it starts from puberty.

What triggers the second meiotic division in the ovum?

Fertilization by a sperm cell

In folliculogenesis, what is the main function of granulosa cells?

To produce sex hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle

At what stage does a mature egg emerge in oogenesis?

Graafian follicle stage

Which structure is chiefly responsible for the monthly growth, maturation, and release of an egg?

Graafian follicle

How is the ovary affected by the presence of a preovulatory (mature) follicle?

The ovary becomes more vascularized for nutrient supply to the follicle.

Which event directly precedes the formation of a secondary oocyte?

Meiotic arrest before the first meiotic division

Explain the mutual incompatibility of the two main functions of the reproductive tract in the non-pregnant female.

Preparation for ovulation and preparation for pregnancy are mutually incompatible in the non-pregnant female, exerted in distinct phases.

Describe the types of oestrous cycles and provide an example for each type.

The types of oestrous cycles include monoestrous, seasonal, and non-seasonal. Examples include the bitch, sheep, and cow, respectively.

Explain the relationship between oestrogen and GnRH pulse amplitude in the female reproductive endocrine axis.

Oestrogen decreases GnRH pulse amplitude in the female reproductive endocrine axis.

Explain the relationship between the length of the oestrous cycle and the period of oestrus/estrus in cows.

The length of the oestrous cycle is the time interval between the periods of oestrus/estrus in cows.

Describe the physiological changes that occur during the Metestrus phase of the oestrous cycle.

During Metestrus, the Corpus Luteum starts to develop, progesterone levels increase, and estrogen is low.

Explain the concept of Oogenesis in female mammals and how it relates to the production of ova.

Oogenesis refers to the production of female gametes (ova) from the constant number of primary oocytes that female mammals are born with.

What is the main function of the granulosa cells in follicular development?

Granulosa cells support oocyte growth and development by providing nutrients and growth factors.

Explain the hormonal changes that occur during the Estrus phase of the oestrous cycle.

During Estrus, there is a surge in estrogen levels which triggers ovulation and prepares the female for mating.

How does the female reproductive endocrine axis regulate the release of GnRH?

The pulsatile center in the hypothalamus regulates the basal secretion of GnRH, while the surge center controls the episodic release of GnRH.

Describe the process of follicular waves in relation to the oestrous cycle.

Follicular waves refer to the coordinated growth and regression of multiple follicles in the ovary during the oestrous cycle, ensuring a continuous supply of mature oocytes.

Study Notes

Oestrous Cycle

The vascularity of the female reproductive tract increases during the follicular phase.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) triggers the growth of follicles during the luteal phase.
The reproductive system is under the dominant influence of progesterone during the luteal phase.
The follicular wave consists of increasing FSH and LH levels followed by ovulation during the follicular phase.
Non-selected follicles undergo atresia during the luteal phase.

Hormones and Their Roles

The corpus luteum's main function is to produce progesterone.
Progesterone levels increase during the luteal phase.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary.
Estrogen decreases GnRH pulse amplitude.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the release of FSH and LH.
Progesterone slows down GnRH pulse frequency.

Reproductive System

The surge centre responds to high levels of estrogen by triggering the LH surge.
The main function of the female reproductive system is to produce sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
The ovary is responsible for producing ova.
The cyclic nature of ovarian activity allows female animals to transition from reproductive receptivity to non-receptivity after mating, known as the oestrous cycle.

Oestrous Cycle Phases

The follicular phase involves preparation for pregnancy.
Luteinisation occurs during the luteal phase.
The corpus luteum starts to develop and progesterone levels increase during the luteal phase.
Ovulation occurs during the follicular phase.
LH surge triggers ovulation in the female reproductive system.

Oocyte Maturation

Meiosis starts in oocytes before sperm.
The LH surge triggers the second meiotic division in the ovum.
Granulosa cells support oocyte maturation during folliculogenesis.
A mature egg emerges from the ovary during oogenesis.

Oestrous Cycle Types

Monoestrous oestrous cycle: a single estrous cycle per breeding season (e.g., bears).
Polyestrous oestrous cycle: multiple estrous cycles per breeding season (e.g., dogs).
Seasonal polyestrous oestrous cycle: estrous cycles occur at specific times of the year (e.g., horses).

Learn about the hormonal changes and physiological events during the follicular and luteal phases of the female reproductive cycle. Topics include the role of estrogen, progesterone, corpus luteum regression, GnRH, LH, uterine changes, blood flow increase, and behavioral changes. Ideal for veterinary students or anyone interested in animal reproduction.

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