Podcast
Questions and Answers
Mythology is exclusive to religious traditions and does not encompass cultural traditions.
Mythology is exclusive to religious traditions and does not encompass cultural traditions.
False (B)
In flood myths, the cause of the flood is often attributed to human punishment.
In flood myths, the cause of the flood is often attributed to human punishment.
True (A)
Humbaba is Gilgamesh's bestfriend in the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Humbaba is Gilgamesh's bestfriend in the Epic of Gilgamesh.
False (B)
Aoife was the mother of Lir's children who were turned into swans.
Aoife was the mother of Lir's children who were turned into swans.
Kitsune are creatures from Chinese folklore known for their shapeshifting abilities.
Kitsune are creatures from Chinese folklore known for their shapeshifting abilities.
Marduk is the Egyptian god who defeats the gods of chaos and creates the sky and earth.
Marduk is the Egyptian god who defeats the gods of chaos and creates the sky and earth.
Thanatos, in Greek mythology, is the god of the sea.
Thanatos, in Greek mythology, is the god of the sea.
The Titans were a group of elder gods who came after the Olympian gods in Greek mythology.
The Titans were a group of elder gods who came after the Olympian gods in Greek mythology.
In Norse mythology, Valhalla is a training ground for dead heroes preparing for Ragnarok.
In Norse mythology, Valhalla is a training ground for dead heroes preparing for Ragnarok.
River Styx was where Achilles was dipped as a baby to make him immortal.
River Styx was where Achilles was dipped as a baby to make him immortal.
Folk literature strictly comprises written stories, excluding oral traditions.
Folk literature strictly comprises written stories, excluding oral traditions.
A myth must always have a determinable basis in fact.
A myth must always have a determinable basis in fact.
Anthropomorphism exclusively attributes animal characteristics to inanimate objects.
Anthropomorphism exclusively attributes animal characteristics to inanimate objects.
In flood myths, the cause of the flood is typically divine reward.
In flood myths, the cause of the flood is typically divine reward.
Humbaba served as Gilgamesh's loyal companion throughout the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Humbaba served as Gilgamesh's loyal companion throughout the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Utnapishtim sought out Gilgamesh in search of immortality.
Utnapishtim sought out Gilgamesh in search of immortality.
In 'The Children of Lir', the children were transformed into eagles, not swans.
In 'The Children of Lir', the children were transformed into eagles, not swans.
A Unicorn can be captured easily by anyone with pure intentions.
A Unicorn can be captured easily by anyone with pure intentions.
A Phoenix regenerates from the ashes of another bird.
A Phoenix regenerates from the ashes of another bird.
The Tikbalang is a creature with a completely human appearance in Philippine folklore.
The Tikbalang is a creature with a completely human appearance in Philippine folklore.
Marduk defeats the new gods of Mesopotamia to create humanity.
Marduk defeats the new gods of Mesopotamia to create humanity.
Demeter's grief is associated with the arrival of spring because Persephone returns according to Greek myths.
Demeter's grief is associated with the arrival of spring because Persephone returns according to Greek myths.
Titanomachy is a battle where the Titans were victorious against the Olympian gods.
Titanomachy is a battle where the Titans were victorious against the Olympian gods.
In Greek mythology, Hades is known as the god of war and strategy.
In Greek mythology, Hades is known as the god of war and strategy.
Yggdrasil, the 'World Tree' in Norse mythology, connects only the human world to the heavens.
Yggdrasil, the 'World Tree' in Norse mythology, connects only the human world to the heavens.
The act of attributing human form or characteristics to nonhuman things, known as anthropomorphism, originates solely from Babylonian, not Greek, etymological roots.
The act of attributing human form or characteristics to nonhuman things, known as anthropomorphism, originates solely from Babylonian, not Greek, etymological roots.
Within the established pattern of flood myths, the deluge is universally depicted as a consequence of divine intervention responding to rampant ecological damage, rather than inflicted as retribution for human transgressions.
Within the established pattern of flood myths, the deluge is universally depicted as a consequence of divine intervention responding to rampant ecological damage, rather than inflicted as retribution for human transgressions.
The Epic of Gilgamesh explores themes of identity, relationships, mortality, and immortality, with primary emphasis on the static and unchanging nature of existential purpose.
The Epic of Gilgamesh explores themes of identity, relationships, mortality, and immortality, with primary emphasis on the static and unchanging nature of existential purpose.
In Celtic mythology's 'The Children of Lir,' Aoife's curse specifically transformed the children into dolphins for 100 years each on Lake Derravaragh, the Sea of Moyle, and the Bay of Erris, culminating in their return as humans baptized by Saint Patrick.
In Celtic mythology's 'The Children of Lir,' Aoife's curse specifically transformed the children into dolphins for 100 years each on Lake Derravaragh, the Sea of Moyle, and the Bay of Erris, culminating in their return as humans baptized by Saint Patrick.
Within Japanese folklore, Kitsune are exclusively malevolent entities, devoid of any association with benevolent or protective attributes.
Within Japanese folklore, Kitsune are exclusively malevolent entities, devoid of any association with benevolent or protective attributes.
In Philippine folklore, the Tikbalang is commonly depicted as a diminutive humanoid entity, celebrated for its acts of benevolence and promotion of ecological preservation.
In Philippine folklore, the Tikbalang is commonly depicted as a diminutive humanoid entity, celebrated for its acts of benevolence and promotion of ecological preservation.
In the Enuma Elish narrative, Marduk, following his triumph over the old gods originating chaos, solely establishes the celestial sphere while delegating the creation of terrestrial elements and humanity to subordinate deities.
In the Enuma Elish narrative, Marduk, following his triumph over the old gods originating chaos, solely establishes the celestial sphere while delegating the creation of terrestrial elements and humanity to subordinate deities.
Within the context of the 'Journey to the West' narrative, Sun Wukong's quest is fundamentally motivated by ambition for earthly dominion, with Buddhist scriptures serving as a secondary objective.
Within the context of the 'Journey to the West' narrative, Sun Wukong's quest is fundamentally motivated by ambition for earthly dominion, with Buddhist scriptures serving as a secondary objective.
Within the pantheon of Egyptian deities, Osiris, husband of Isis, met his demise at the hands of Anubis, resulting in the latter's ascension to the throne of the underworld.
Within the pantheon of Egyptian deities, Osiris, husband of Isis, met his demise at the hands of Anubis, resulting in the latter's ascension to the throne of the underworld.
The 'Titanomachy' culminated in a decisive victory for the Titans, leading to the establishment of their dominion over the Olympian gods and the subsequent restructuring of the cosmos under their rule.
The 'Titanomachy' culminated in a decisive victory for the Titans, leading to the establishment of their dominion over the Olympian gods and the subsequent restructuring of the cosmos under their rule.
Within the Olympian pantheon, Ares, despite his association with warfare, is universally revered for his strategic acumen and diplomatic finesse, which foster enduring peace among mortals and immortals alike.
Within the Olympian pantheon, Ares, despite his association with warfare, is universally revered for his strategic acumen and diplomatic finesse, which foster enduring peace among mortals and immortals alike.
In Greek mythology, Artemis, while recognized as the 'Lady of Wild Things', is primarily celebrated for her role in orchestrating elaborate matrimonial ceremonies, reflecting her dominion over domestic harmony and familial concord.
In Greek mythology, Artemis, while recognized as the 'Lady of Wild Things', is primarily celebrated for her role in orchestrating elaborate matrimonial ceremonies, reflecting her dominion over domestic harmony and familial concord.
The Trojan War was initiated following a formal declaration by King Peleus and Thetis after Eris was deliberately invited to their wedding to judge fairly who was the fairest.
The Trojan War was initiated following a formal declaration by King Peleus and Thetis after Eris was deliberately invited to their wedding to judge fairly who was the fairest.
In Norse mythology, Valhalla serves as the exclusive domain for Valkyries, where they undergo rigorous training in preparation for Ragnarok, thereby solidifying their status as the preeminent military force in Asgard.
In Norse mythology, Valhalla serves as the exclusive domain for Valkyries, where they undergo rigorous training in preparation for Ragnarok, thereby solidifying their status as the preeminent military force in Asgard.
According to Sophocles, Oedipus was celebrated as 'the one with immaculate feet' for his wisdom and ability to avoid the traps that his father and mother set for him as a child.
According to Sophocles, Oedipus was celebrated as 'the one with immaculate feet' for his wisdom and ability to avoid the traps that his father and mother set for him as a child.
In flood myths, what often symbolizes hope after the devastation caused by the flood?
In flood myths, what often symbolizes hope after the devastation caused by the flood?
How does the Greek concept of Thanatos differ from typical representations of death in other mythologies?
How does the Greek concept of Thanatos differ from typical representations of death in other mythologies?
How does the story of the 'Children of Lir' blend mythological and historical elements?
How does the story of the 'Children of Lir' blend mythological and historical elements?
In the Enuma Elish, what does Marduk's victory over the old gods signify beyond the establishment of cosmic order?
In the Enuma Elish, what does Marduk's victory over the old gods signify beyond the establishment of cosmic order?
What is the broader significance of Sun Wukong's journey to retrieve Buddhist scriptures in Journey to the West, beyond the literal act of obtaining sacred texts?
What is the broader significance of Sun Wukong's journey to retrieve Buddhist scriptures in Journey to the West, beyond the literal act of obtaining sacred texts?
Which element is least likely to be found in a traditional myth?
Which element is least likely to be found in a traditional myth?
How does the concept of anthropomorphism primarily function within mythological narratives?
How does the concept of anthropomorphism primarily function within mythological narratives?
In flood myths, what is the least common symbolic meaning attributed to the survivors?
In flood myths, what is the least common symbolic meaning attributed to the survivors?
How does the Epic of Gilgamesh uniquely contribute to the understanding of mythology?
How does the Epic of Gilgamesh uniquely contribute to the understanding of mythology?
What does Ishtar's role in the Epic of Gilgamesh primarily symbolize?
What does Ishtar's role in the Epic of Gilgamesh primarily symbolize?
In 'The Children of Lir', what does the transformation of the children into swans primarily represent?
In 'The Children of Lir', what does the transformation of the children into swans primarily represent?
What is the ultimate significance of Mochua's role in 'The Children of Lir'?
What is the ultimate significance of Mochua's role in 'The Children of Lir'?
How does the Celtic concept of the Unicorn differ from other mythological depictions?
How does the Celtic concept of the Unicorn differ from other mythological depictions?
What aspect of the Kitsune distinguishes it most from other shape-shifting creatures in folklore?
What aspect of the Kitsune distinguishes it most from other shape-shifting creatures in folklore?
In Philippine folklore, what broader cultural value does the Tikbalang primarily represent?
In Philippine folklore, what broader cultural value does the Tikbalang primarily represent?
Which of the following is a common attribute of deities across different mythologies?
Which of the following is a common attribute of deities across different mythologies?
In the Enuma Elish, what does Marduk's creation of the sky and earth signify for Mesopotamian society?
In the Enuma Elish, what does Marduk's creation of the sky and earth signify for Mesopotamian society?
What is the primary purpose of Sun Wukong's journey in 'Journey to the West'?
What is the primary purpose of Sun Wukong's journey in 'Journey to the West'?
How did the Greeks perceive the role of fate in human lives, as reflected in their myths?
How did the Greeks perceive the role of fate in human lives, as reflected in their myths?
What does the story of Demeter and Persephone primarily explain?
What does the story of Demeter and Persephone primarily explain?
What does the concept of hubris in Greek mythology primarily refer to?
What does the concept of hubris in Greek mythology primarily refer to?
Why is the Iliad significant in understanding ancient Greek culture?
Why is the Iliad significant in understanding ancient Greek culture?
How does the Odyssey characterize Odysseus?
How does the Odyssey characterize Odysseus?
What does the story of Oedipus primarily explore?
What does the story of Oedipus primarily explore?
What is the broader significance of Norse mythology's Ragnarok?
What is the broader significance of Norse mythology's Ragnarok?
Which of the following best captures the role of myths in societies?
Which of the following best captures the role of myths in societies?
How does anthropomorphism enhance the narrative of mythological stories?
How does anthropomorphism enhance the narrative of mythological stories?
In flood myths, what element often signifies a renewed relationship between humanity and the divine?
In flood myths, what element often signifies a renewed relationship between humanity and the divine?
Considering the characters and narratives within the Epic of Gilgamesh, how does Gilgamesh's journey contribute to the overarching themes?
Considering the characters and narratives within the Epic of Gilgamesh, how does Gilgamesh's journey contribute to the overarching themes?
What underlying commentary is the story of 'The Children of Lir' most likely intending to deliver?
What underlying commentary is the story of 'The Children of Lir' most likely intending to deliver?
What does the transformation ability of the Kitsune in Japanese folklore primarily symbolize?
What does the transformation ability of the Kitsune in Japanese folklore primarily symbolize?
In the Enuma Elish, how did Marduk's actions after defeating the old gods influence Mesopotamian cosmology?
In the Enuma Elish, how did Marduk's actions after defeating the old gods influence Mesopotamian cosmology?
What is the central theme of Sun Wukong's quest in Journey to the West?
What is the central theme of Sun Wukong's quest in Journey to the West?
How do the roles and relationships of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades reflect the ancient Greek understanding of their world?
How do the roles and relationships of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades reflect the ancient Greek understanding of their world?
How do the themes in the Iliad and the Odyssey reflect the human condition, according to the ancient Greeks?
How do the themes in the Iliad and the Odyssey reflect the human condition, according to the ancient Greeks?
Which of the following best describes folk literature?
Which of the following best describes folk literature?
What is a common element in flood myths?
What is a common element in flood myths?
Which of these is a major theme explored in the Epic of Gilgamesh?
Which of these is a major theme explored in the Epic of Gilgamesh?
In 'The Children of Lir,' what type of animal were the children transformed into?
In 'The Children of Lir,' what type of animal were the children transformed into?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Kitsune from Japanese folklore?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Kitsune from Japanese folklore?
Which element is least likely to be found in folk literature?
Which element is least likely to be found in folk literature?
What is the most critical distinction between a myth and a folk tale?
What is the most critical distinction between a myth and a folk tale?
Considering the structural elements of flood myths, which aspect most critically influences the narrative's thematic resolution?
Considering the structural elements of flood myths, which aspect most critically influences the narrative's thematic resolution?
Within the narrative of 'The Children of Lir', what symbolic significance does the act of Mochua baptizing the swans primarily represent?
Within the narrative of 'The Children of Lir', what symbolic significance does the act of Mochua baptizing the swans primarily represent?
How do Kitsune figures in Japanese folklore primarily function as mediators within human-spiritual interactions?
How do Kitsune figures in Japanese folklore primarily function as mediators within human-spiritual interactions?
How does the portrayal of Marduk in the Enuma Elish establish a rationale for Mesopotamian theocratic governance?
How does the portrayal of Marduk in the Enuma Elish establish a rationale for Mesopotamian theocratic governance?
Which theological precept does Sun Wukong's quest in 'Journey to the West' most directly undermine?
Which theological precept does Sun Wukong's quest in 'Journey to the West' most directly undermine?
Within the thematic framework of the Iliad, how are the intertwined concepts of kleos (glory) and atē (ruin) most intrinsically linked to the hero's existential trajectory?
Within the thematic framework of the Iliad, how are the intertwined concepts of kleos (glory) and atē (ruin) most intrinsically linked to the hero's existential trajectory?
How does the Norse mythological concept of Ragnarok most critically underscore cultural perceptions of eschatological inevitability and cyclical regeneration?
How does the Norse mythological concept of Ragnarok most critically underscore cultural perceptions of eschatological inevitability and cyclical regeneration?
How does anthropomorphism serve to both elucidate and obfuscate humanity's comprehension of the natural world within a mythological context?
How does anthropomorphism serve to both elucidate and obfuscate humanity's comprehension of the natural world within a mythological context?
Within the patterns discernible in flood myths, what symbolic function does the rainbow often serve that is most critical to the broader narrative arc?
Within the patterns discernible in flood myths, what symbolic function does the rainbow often serve that is most critical to the broader narrative arc?
Considering Gilgamesh’s transformation throughout the Epic, what fundamental shift in his understanding of kingship is most evident by the epic's conclusion?
Considering Gilgamesh’s transformation throughout the Epic, what fundamental shift in his understanding of kingship is most evident by the epic's conclusion?
What didactic moral is the narrative of 'The Children of Lir' primarily intended to convey regarding familial discord and redemptive reconciliation?
What didactic moral is the narrative of 'The Children of Lir' primarily intended to convey regarding familial discord and redemptive reconciliation?
How does the shape-shifting ability of the Kitsune in Japanese folklore most profoundly reflect cultural anxieties surrounding identity, illusion, and social order?
How does the shape-shifting ability of the Kitsune in Japanese folklore most profoundly reflect cultural anxieties surrounding identity, illusion, and social order?
How does the interplay among Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades in Greek mythology reflect the ancient Greek understanding of the cosmos and their place within it?
How does the interplay among Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades in Greek mythology reflect the ancient Greek understanding of the cosmos and their place within it?
How are themes in the Iliad and the Odyssey uniquely positioned to teach about the condition of humanity?
How are themes in the Iliad and the Odyssey uniquely positioned to teach about the condition of humanity?
Which of the following is least likely to be an element of flood myths?
Which of the following is least likely to be an element of flood myths?
Outside of mortality, what core element does the Epic of Gilgamesh seek to explore?
Outside of mortality, what core element does the Epic of Gilgamesh seek to explore?
Why were the main characters in 'The Children of Lir' turned into swans?
Why were the main characters in 'The Children of Lir' turned into swans?
Which of the following is not a usual characteristic of the Kitsune from Japanese folklore?
Which of the following is not a usual characteristic of the Kitsune from Japanese folklore?
Flashcards
Folk Literature
Folk Literature
Stories, legends, myths, ballads, songs, riddles, sayings arising from oral traditions.
Myth
Myth
Stories involving beings, heroes, or events, often explaining nature or cultural practices.
Anthropomorphism
Anthropomorphism
Attributing human form or characteristics to non-human things.
Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh
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Unicorn
Unicorn
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Phoenix
Phoenix
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Troll
Troll
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Centaur
Centaur
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Paul Bunyan
Paul Bunyan
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Trojan Horse
Trojan Horse
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Mythology
Mythology
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Flood Myth Pattern
Flood Myth Pattern
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Epic of Gilgamesh Theme
Epic of Gilgamesh Theme
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The Children of Lir
The Children of Lir
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Tikbalang
Tikbalang
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Aswang
Aswang
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Kitsune
Kitsune
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Chimera
Chimera
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Cerberus
Cerberus
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Minotaur
Minotaur
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Marduk
Marduk
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"Death" of the world in winter
"Death" of the world in winter
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Zeus
Zeus
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Hera
Hera
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Hestia
Hestia
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Utnapishtim
Utnapishtim
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Kapre
Kapre
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Tengu
Tengu
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Yggdrasil
Yggdrasil
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Odin
Odin
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The Iliad
The Iliad
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The Odyssey
The Odyssey
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Penelope
Penelope
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Telemachus
Telemachus
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Poseidon
Poseidon
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Calypso
Calypso
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King Pelias
King Pelias
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Colchis
Colchis
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Oracle of Delphi
Oracle of Delphi
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Athena
Athena
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Prometheus
Prometheus
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Demeter
Demeter
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Aphrodite
Aphrodite
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Ithaca
Ithaca
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Ishtar
Ishtar
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Tuatha De Danann
Tuatha De Danann
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Children of Lir Locations
Children of Lir Locations
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Apollo
Apollo
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Hades
Hades
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Regions of the Underworld
Regions of the Underworld
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Hermes
Hermes
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Ares
Ares
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River Styx
River Styx
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Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo, Artemis
Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo, Artemis
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Odysseus
Odysseus
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Valhalla
Valhalla
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Titanomachy
Titanomachy
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Fenrir
Fenrir
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Pallas Athena
Pallas Athena
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What is a Myth?
What is a Myth?
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Who was Enkidu?
Who was Enkidu?
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What is Children of Lir?
What is Children of Lir?
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Thor
Thor
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What does a crossroad symbolize?
What does a crossroad symbolize?
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What is Pegasus?
What is Pegasus?
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What is a Banshee?
What is a Banshee?
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Who was Sisyphus?
Who was Sisyphus?
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What is Valhalla?
What is Valhalla?
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Study Notes
Mythology and Folklore
- Folk literature includes stories, legends, myths, ballads, songs, riddles, and other works arising from oral traditions of people around the world.
- Mythology is specifically a collection of myths belonging to a particular religious or cultural tradition.
- A myth is a traditional or legendary story about beings, heroes, or events. These explain a practice, rite, or natural phenomenon and may or may not have a factual basis.
- Anthropomorphism gives human form, characteristics, or behavior to non-human things, derived from Greek words.
- Flood myths often involve human punishment as the cause, covering the whole land, few survivors, and signs of hope like a rainbow.
Epic of Gilgamesh
- Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian hero and son of the goddess Ninsun, from Sumerian and Babylonian poems.
- The epic explores the meaning of life, identity, relationships, mortality, and immortality (Sîn-lēqi-unninni).
- Enkidu was Gilgamesh's best friend.
- Humbaba was the villain.
- Ishtar sent a bull, because she liked Gilgamesh.
- Gilgamesh said "Shall I die too? Am I not like Enkidu? Grief has entered my innermost being. I am afraid of death and so I roam open country."
- Utnapishtim was the one Gilgamesh consulted about immortality.
The Children of Lir
- This is a Celtic tale from Ireland.
- Tuatha De Danann is the name of the tribe.
- Bodb Dearg won against Lir.
- Aebh, Bodb's daughter, was given to Lir for marriage.
- Their children, Fionnuala, Aodh, Fiachra and Conn were turned into swans.
- Aoife turned them into swans, replacing Aebh
- The curse lasted for 300 years on Lake Derravaragh.
- The curse lasted for 300 years on the Icy Sea of Moyle.
- The curse lasted for 300 years in the Bay of Erris.
- Mochua baptized the swans when they turned back to humans.
Mythological Creatures
- Unicorns symbolize purity and grace, only captured by a virgin in Celtic lore.
- Phoenixes are mythical Egyptian birds that die in fire and are reborn from those ashes.
- Kitsune are Japanese folklore creatures known to shape-shift, often appearing as a beautiful woman.
- Tengu are mischievous supernatural beings, sometimes considered the reincarnated spirit of someone proud.
- Tikbalang is a tall, bony creature resembling a humanoid horse.
- Kapre is a tall, dark, hairy, and muscular tree giant from Philippine folklore.
- Aswang are shape-shifters that transform into animals and eat people.
- Trolls live in caves and turn to stone in sunlight.
- Chimera are fire-breathing creatures that are a mix of lion, goat, and serpent.
- Fenrir is a monstrous wolf from Norse mythology.
- Hydra is a 9-headed serpent.
- Centaurs are half human, half horse.
- Gorgons have snakes for hair, and turn people to stone with their gaze.
- Oni are Japanese demons.
- Cerberus is a 3-headed dog, guardian of the underworld.
- Minotaurs are half human, half bull.
- Jin are Arabian characters that can grant wishes.
- Harpies are half human, half bird.
- Griffins are part eagle and part lion.
- Pegasus are winged horses.
- Banshees have a loud pitched scream and appear when a loved one is dying.
- Ghouls lurk in the dark as scavengers.
- Chupacabra suck animal blood.
- Kappa drags creatures into swamps.
- Tell tales are stories about extraordinary characters compared to people in real life, such as Paul Bunyan and Bernardo Carpio.
- Paul Bunyan is an American folklore character who dug out the Grand Canyon.
- The Carabao and the Shell is a Philippine folktale about a battle of wits.
- Marduk is a Mesopotamian god (Enuma Elish) who defeats the old gods and creates the sky, earth, and humans.
- Sun Wukong is the monkey king in Journey to the West.
- Xuanzang in Journey to the West is a Buddhist monk whose journey to retrieve scriptures symbolizes the search for enlightenment.
Egyptian Mythology
- Amun is the wind god.
- Anubis is jackal-headed.
- Osiris is the husband of Isis.
- Set killed Osiris and is the husband of Nephthys.
Greek Mythology
- Hades kidnapped Persephone, causing Demeter's grief, which is shown as "death" in winter.
- Greek myths reflect a view that acknowledges the mystery and beauty of humanity.
- The Titans were a group of twelve elder gods who came before the Roman gods.
- Titanomachy was a victorious 10-year series of battles of the Olympian gods against the Titans in Thessaly.
- Tartarus is the black pit in the Underworld for the bad.
- Erebus is the dark region of the Underworld the dead pass through.
- Asphodel is a region in the Underworld that numbs the minds of the dead.
- Elysium is the paradise in the Underworld for the good.
The Olympians
- Zeus is the chief god, Lord of the Sky, rain-god, and cloud-gatherer, wielding the thunderbolt.
- Poseidon is the lord and ruler of the sea, the Earth-shaker, often seen carrying his trident.
- Hades rules the underworld and the dead, is the God of Wealth and has a cap/helmet of invisibility.
- Demeter is the Greek goddess of harvest, grains, and agriculture, and is the mother of Persephone.
- Hera is the protector of marriage, a jealous goddess, symbolized by a peacock.
- Ares is the God of War, who delights in battles, is a ruthless murderer, and a coward.
- Hermes is graceful and swift, wears winged sandals and wings on his crowned hat, has a magic wand called Caduceus, Zeus' messenger, and is a Master Thief.
- Pallas Athena is a daughter of Zeus alone, battle goddess, goddess of the City, and Zeus' favorite child.
- Aphrodite is the goddess of Love and Beauty and is an irresistible goddess.
- Phoebus Apollo is "most Greek of all the gods," and is a master musician who delights Olympus with his lyre.
- Artemis is Apollo's twin sister, Lady of Wild Things, Hunt-man-in-chief to the gods, also known as Phoebe (moon) and Selene (Luna in Latin).
- Hestia is a virgin goddess, the goddess of Hearth, symbol of the home, every meal began and ended with an offering to her.
- Dionysius is the youngest Olympian, god of wine and pleasure, the only Olympian god with a mortal mother.
- Hephaestus is the God of Fire, ugly and lame, workman of the immortals, armorer and smith, with the lameness of humans.
Greek and Roman Gods and Goddesses
- Zeus is Jupiter.
- Poseidon is Neptune.
- Hera is Juno.
- Hermes is Mercury.
- Aphrodite is Venus.
- Apollo is Apollo.
- Ares is Mars.
- Hades is Dis/ Pluto.
- Artemis is Diana.
- Athena is Minerva.
- Eros is Cupid.
- Asclepius is Aesculapius.
- Cronus is Saturn.
- Hestia is Vesta.
- Gaea is Terra.
- Hephaestus is Vulcan.
Other Information on Greek Mythology
- Prometheus was punished for stealing fire and is known for his forethought.
- Epimetheus is known for his afterthought and is the husband of Pandora.
- Io was turned into a Heifer.
- Argus is a god with many eyes.
The Iliad
- The themes of the Iliad include love, honor, friendship, rivalry, free will, and fate.
- The Iliad and the Odyssey are Ancient Greek poems attributed to Homer.
- The Trojan War was wages against the city of Troy by armies of the Acheans.
- King Peleus and Thetis' wedding was when the Apple of Discord was given.
- Eris ("Discord") was not invited to the wedding.
- "Te Kallisti" was to the fairest, between Hera (political power, control over Asia), Athena (battle skills), and Aphrodite (most beautiful woman).
- Paris was prophesied to be the downfall of Troy.
- Helen was known as the most beautiful woman on earth, the wife of Menelaus, and the Daughter of Leda and Zeus.
The Gods Who Sided with the Trojans
- Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo and Artemis.
The Gods Who Sided with the Greeks
- Hera, Poseidon, Hermes, Hephaestus, and Athena.
- Achilles was the son of Peleus and Thetis who "would die of old age after an uneventful life or die young in battlefield” due to the River Styx.
- Achilles said "Do you not see what a man I am, how huge, how splendid and born of a great father and mother who bore me immortal?"
- Patroclus was Achilles' best friend, who was murdered by Hector.
- Hector died in the end of Iliad.
The Odyssey
- Odysseus was a hero in the Trojan War who came up with the idea of the Trojan horse.
- Penelope was Odysseus' wife who patiently waited for him for 20 years.
- Telemachus was Odysseus' son who said that Penelope would be free to marry whoever she chooses, once Telemachus grows his beard.
- Athena was Odysseus' protector.
- Poseidon held grudges against Odysseus and caused his mishaps.
- Circe turned Odysseus' crew members into animals.
- Calypso trapped Odysseus on her island and fell in love with him.
- Ithaca was Odysseus' homeland.
- The Trojan Horse is the symbol of deceit and betrayal.
- Thanatos is the god of death in Greek Myth.
Jason and the Golden Fleece
- King Pelias stole the throne from Jason's uncle told Jason to retrieve The Golden Fleece in Iolcos, Thessaly.
- Jason goes retrieves the Golden Fleece in Colchis from King Aeetes.
- Phineas gave Jason a dove to help deal with harpies.
- Medea helped Jason with her father's tasks.
- Euripedes wrote Medea in criticism of Greek behavior.
Oedipus (Sophocles) "the one with swollen feet"
- King Laius & Queen Jacosta were the parents of Oedipus
- Polybus and Merope were the adoptive parents to Oedipus in Corinth.
- The Crossroad symbolizes the important decision that Oedipus made.
- Oracle of Delphi prophesized Oedipus would marry his mother and kill his father.
Antigone (Sophocles)
- Eteocles & Polyneices were Oedipus' sons who killed each other for the throne.
- Creon was Jacosta's brother who replaced Oedipus.
- Antigone attempted to bury her brother Polyneices against Creon's order.
- Ismene did not agree with Antigone's plan.
- Sisyphus was a king of Corinth condemned in the underworld by rolling a huge stone up a hill.
- Daedalus and Icarus were the subjects in Mythic history portrayed in “Musee de Beaux Arts."
Tales (Greek Mythology)
- Listed are Pyramus and Thisbe, Orpheus and Eurydice, Ceyx and Alcone, Pygmalion and Galatea, Baucis and Philemon, Endymion (and Selene), Daphne (and Apollo), Alpheus and Arethusa
- Arcadia is the region that worships Pan.
- Cupid's face was enlightened by Psyche in the middle of the night, which is a sign of betrayal.
Norse Mythology
- Yggdrasil is the World Tree.
- The Aesir gods are battle gods who live in Asgard.
- The Vanir gods are magical gods.
- Odin is known as the "Raven god" whose Ravens are Huginn and Munin.
- Thor is the most popular god among the Scandinavians, known for his hammer called Mjolnir.
- Valhalla is where dead Norse heroes train for Ragnarok.
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