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Questions and Answers

What is an atom?

The smallest particle of matter that has the properties of an element (correct)

A mixture of two or more substances

A combination of atoms of different elements

None of the above

What is an element?

A pure substance that is a type of atom determined by the number of protons in the nucleus.

Define a pure substance.

A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties.

What are the two main categories of matter?

Mixtures and pure substances. Signup and view all the answers

Define a compound.

A substance in which atoms of two or more different elements are chemically bonded together. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Signup and view all the answers

What are physical properties?

Properties that can be determined without changing the substance into a different type of matter. Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture that is the same throughout - the parts of the mixture can't be seen. Signup and view all the answers

Define a heterogeneous mixture.

A mixture made of parts that can be easily seen and picked out. Signup and view all the answers

What is solubility?

The ability of one substance to dissolve in another. Signup and view all the answers

Most plastics are _________ in water.

insoluble Signup and view all the answers

Solutions are a type of homogeneous mixture.

True Signup and view all the answers

The parts of compounds can be separated by using the physical properties of the elements that make up the compound.

False Signup and view all the answers

The properties of a compound are ______ than the properties of the elements that make them up.

different Signup and view all the answers

What is a solvent?

The substance in a solution that does the dissolving. Signup and view all the answers

What is a solute?

The substance in a solution that gets dissolved. Signup and view all the answers

What is an alloy?

A solution of one or more solids dissolved in another. Signup and view all the answers

Define air in terms of matter classification.

A homogeneous mixture that we breathe, consisting of 78% Nitrogen Gas, 21% Oxygen Gas, and 1% other gases. Signup and view all the answers

What are properties of compounds?

Physical and chemical properties of compounds are different than the properties of the elements that make them up. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Matter

Atom: Fundamental unit of matter; smallest particle exhibiting properties of an element.
Element: A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, defined by the number of protons in its nucleus.
Pure Substance: Matter with a uniform and definite composition; can be a single element or a compound, exhibiting distinct chemical and physical properties.
Categories of Matter: Divided into Mixtures and Pure Substances.

Mixtures and Compounds

Compound: A substance formed when two or more different elements chemically bond together.
Mixture: A physical combination of two or more substances where each retains its individual properties and can be physically separated.

Properties of Matter

Physical Properties: Attributes that can be observed or measured without altering the matter's identity; useful for separating mixtures.
Homogeneous Mixture: Consistent composition throughout; individual components cannot be visually distinguished.
Heterogeneous Mixture: Mixture containing visibly different substances or phases; components can be easily separated.

Solubility and Solutions

Solubility: Capacity of a substance to dissolve in another; crucial in the formation of solutions.
Insoluble: Characteristic of substances that do not dissolve in a given solvent, e.g., many plastics in water.
True Statement: Solutions are classified as homogeneous mixtures due to their uniform composition.
False Statement: Components of a compound cannot be separated by physical properties, distinguishing them from mixtures.

Components of Solutions

Solvent: The substance in a solution that dissolves the solute.
Solute: The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Alloy: A solid solution composed of one or more solids dissolved into another solid.

Examples and Specifics

Air: A homogeneous mixture consisting of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases like argon and carbon dioxide.
Properties of Compounds: Distinct physical and chemical properties that differ from the original elements forming them.