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Questions and Answers
What is an atom?
What is an atom?
- The smallest particle of matter that has the properties of an element (correct)
- A mixture of two or more substances
- A combination of atoms of different elements
- None of the above
What is an element?
What is an element?
A pure substance that is a type of atom determined by the number of protons in the nucleus.
Define a pure substance.
Define a pure substance.
A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties.
What are the two main categories of matter?
What are the two main categories of matter?
Define a compound.
Define a compound.
What is a mixture?
What is a mixture?
What are physical properties?
What are physical properties?
What is a homogeneous mixture?
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Define a heterogeneous mixture.
Define a heterogeneous mixture.
What is solubility?
What is solubility?
Most plastics are _________ in water.
Most plastics are _________ in water.
Solutions are a type of homogeneous mixture.
Solutions are a type of homogeneous mixture.
The parts of compounds can be separated by using the physical properties of the elements that make up the compound.
The parts of compounds can be separated by using the physical properties of the elements that make up the compound.
The properties of a compound are ______ than the properties of the elements that make them up.
The properties of a compound are ______ than the properties of the elements that make them up.
What is a solvent?
What is a solvent?
What is a solute?
What is a solute?
What is an alloy?
What is an alloy?
Define air in terms of matter classification.
Define air in terms of matter classification.
What are properties of compounds?
What are properties of compounds?
Study Notes
Classification of Matter
- Atom: Fundamental unit of matter; smallest particle exhibiting properties of an element.
- Element: A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, defined by the number of protons in its nucleus.
- Pure Substance: Matter with a uniform and definite composition; can be a single element or a compound, exhibiting distinct chemical and physical properties.
- Categories of Matter: Divided into Mixtures and Pure Substances.
Mixtures and Compounds
- Compound: A substance formed when two or more different elements chemically bond together.
- Mixture: A physical combination of two or more substances where each retains its individual properties and can be physically separated.
Properties of Matter
- Physical Properties: Attributes that can be observed or measured without altering the matter's identity; useful for separating mixtures.
- Homogeneous Mixture: Consistent composition throughout; individual components cannot be visually distinguished.
- Heterogeneous Mixture: Mixture containing visibly different substances or phases; components can be easily separated.
Solubility and Solutions
- Solubility: Capacity of a substance to dissolve in another; crucial in the formation of solutions.
- Insoluble: Characteristic of substances that do not dissolve in a given solvent, e.g., many plastics in water.
- True Statement: Solutions are classified as homogeneous mixtures due to their uniform composition.
- False Statement: Components of a compound cannot be separated by physical properties, distinguishing them from mixtures.
Components of Solutions
- Solvent: The substance in a solution that dissolves the solute.
- Solute: The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
- Alloy: A solid solution composed of one or more solids dissolved into another solid.
Examples and Specifics
- Air: A homogeneous mixture consisting of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases like argon and carbon dioxide.
- Properties of Compounds: Distinct physical and chemical properties that differ from the original elements forming them.
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