20 Questions
Which bacteria is especially susceptible to ciprofloxacin?
Shigella
What is a reason for not giving fluoroquinolones to children under 18 years old?
They can result in cartilage erosions of weight bearing joints
Infections often treated with fluoroquinolones include which of the following?
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
How do bacteria develop resistance to fluoroquinolones?
By mutating in chromosomal genes for DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV
Which enzyme do fluoroquinolones target and interfere with?
DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Which generation of fluoroquinolones has additional activity against gram positive bacteria and anaerobes?
4th generation
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?
Inhibition of DNA synthesis
Which bacteria are especially susceptible to ciprofloxacin?
Enterobacteria
Where are fluoroquinolones well distributed in the body?
Kidneys, lungs, bones, stool, and white blood cells
Which generation of fluoroquinolones has good activity against gram negatives and aerobes?
2nd generation
What is the main effect of fluoroquinolones on bacteria?
Bactericidal effect
Which enzyme is involved in the winding and unwinding of DNA targeted by fluoroquinolones?
DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Which enzyme do fluoroquinolones target to interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis?
DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?
Interfering with bacterial DNA synthesis
Which generation of fluoroquinolones has additional activity against gram positive bacteria and anaerobes?
4th generation
What are some examples of fluoroquinolones?
Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Where are fluoroquinolones well distributed in the body?
Kidneys, Lungs, Bones, White blood cells
Which bacteria are fluoroquinolones very good in treating?
Gram-negative bacilli such as Enterobacteria
What is the bactericidal effect of fluoroquinolones?
They lead to bacterial cell death
Which enzyme aids in the unwinding of DNA targeted by fluoroquinolones?
DNA Gyrase
Study Notes
Susceptible Bacteria
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is especially susceptible to ciprofloxacin.
Fluoroquinolones in Children
- Fluoroquinolones should not be given to children under 18 years old because they can cause cartilage damage and other serious side effects.
Infections Treated with Fluoroquinolones
- Infections often treated with fluoroquinolones include respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections.
Resistance to Fluoroquinolones
- Bacteria develop resistance to fluoroquinolones through mutations in the DNA gyrase gene, which codes for the enzyme targeted by fluoroquinolones.
Mechanism of Action
- Fluoroquinolones target and interfere with the enzyme DNA gyrase, which is involved in the winding and unwinding of DNA.
- The mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones is through inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis.
Distribution of Fluoroquinolones
- Fluoroquinolones are well distributed in the body, with good penetration into tissues and organs.
Generations of Fluoroquinolones
- First-generation fluoroquinolones have good activity against gram-negative bacteria and aerobes.
- Second-generation fluoroquinolones have additional activity against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes.
Bactericidal Effect
- The bactericidal effect of fluoroquinolones is through inhibition of DNA synthesis, which leads to bacterial cell death.
Examples of Fluoroquinolones
- Examples of fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
Target Enzymes
- DNA gyrase is the enzyme targeted by fluoroquinolones to interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis.
- Topoisomerase IV is the enzyme involved in the unwinding of DNA targeted by fluoroquinolones.
Test your knowledge of fluoroquinolone antibiotics with this quiz. Challenge yourself with questions about their mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, and medical uses. See how much you know about these potent and unique antibiotics.
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