Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of fluids within the body?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of fluids within the body?
- Regulating body temperature
- Producing red blood cells (correct)
- Transporting nutrients
- Maintaining blood volume
Electrolytes are not essential for nerve signal transmission.
Electrolytes are not essential for nerve signal transmission.
False (B)
Name three risk factors for impaired fluid and electrolyte balance.
Name three risk factors for impaired fluid and electrolyte balance.
Dehydration, hypovolemia, overhydration
Profuse sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea can lead to increased water loss, potentially disturbing fluid and electrolyte ______.
Profuse sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea can lead to increased water loss, potentially disturbing fluid and electrolyte ______.
Match each electrolyte with its chemical symbol:
Match each electrolyte with its chemical symbol:
A patient presents with edema, weight gain, and hypertension. Which condition is MOST likely?
A patient presents with edema, weight gain, and hypertension. Which condition is MOST likely?
Diuretics are a common collaborative intervention for hypovolemia.
Diuretics are a common collaborative intervention for hypovolemia.
List three clinical manifestations of hypovolemia.
List three clinical manifestations of hypovolemia.
The primary collaborative interventions for hypovolemia are IV fluids and ______ rehydration.
The primary collaborative interventions for hypovolemia are IV fluids and ______ rehydration.
Match each clinical manifestation with the corresponding electrolyte imbalance:
Match each clinical manifestation with the corresponding electrolyte imbalance:
A patient’s lab results show a sodium level of 150 mEq/L. What dietary instruction is MOST appropriate?
A patient’s lab results show a sodium level of 150 mEq/L. What dietary instruction is MOST appropriate?
Hypotonic IV fluids are typically administered to treat hyponatremia.
Hypotonic IV fluids are typically administered to treat hyponatremia.
List two clinical manifestations of hyponatremia.
List two clinical manifestations of hyponatremia.
Cardiac arrhythmias and flattened T waves on an ECG are indicative of ______.
Cardiac arrhythmias and flattened T waves on an ECG are indicative of ______.
Match the potassium imbalance with the appropriate ECG change:
Match the potassium imbalance with the appropriate ECG change:
Which food should be AVOIDED in a client with hyperkalemia?
Which food should be AVOIDED in a client with hyperkalemia?
IV potassium can be administered via IV push to quickly correct hypokalemia.
IV potassium can be administered via IV push to quickly correct hypokalemia.
Name two foods high in potassium that are encouraged in patients with hypokalemia.
Name two foods high in potassium that are encouraged in patients with hypokalemia.
Peaked T waves, widened QRS, and bradycardia are cardiac manifestations of ______.
Peaked T waves, widened QRS, and bradycardia are cardiac manifestations of ______.
Match the electrolyte imbalance with its corresponding intravenous fluid treatment:
Match the electrolyte imbalance with its corresponding intravenous fluid treatment:
A nurse is teaching a patient with hypokalemia about dietary sources of potassium. Which food should the nurse recommend?
A nurse is teaching a patient with hypokalemia about dietary sources of potassium. Which food should the nurse recommend?
A patient with heart failure is at decreased risk for fluid volume excess.
A patient with heart failure is at decreased risk for fluid volume excess.
Why should intravenous potassium replacement be administered cautiously?
Why should intravenous potassium replacement be administered cautiously?
Dietitians play a key role in providing appropriate ______ support for patients with fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Dietitians play a key role in providing appropriate ______ support for patients with fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Match the clinical finding with the likely fluid imbalance:
Match the clinical finding with the likely fluid imbalance:
What is the MOST important nursing intervention when caring for a patient receiving IV potassium?
What is the MOST important nursing intervention when caring for a patient receiving IV potassium?
Hyponatremia always presents with the symptom of excessive thirst.
Hyponatremia always presents with the symptom of excessive thirst.
What dietary advice should a nurse provide to a patient with hypernatremia?
What dietary advice should a nurse provide to a patient with hypernatremia?
The presence of U waves on an ECG is often associated with ______.
The presence of U waves on an ECG is often associated with ______.
Match the nursing intervention with its corresponding rationale in managing fluid imbalances:
Match the nursing intervention with its corresponding rationale in managing fluid imbalances:
Which intravenous solution is typically PRESCRIBED to treat hypernatremia when the patient is also dehydrated?
Which intravenous solution is typically PRESCRIBED to treat hypernatremia when the patient is also dehydrated?
A high hematocrit level is always indicative of overhydration.
A high hematocrit level is always indicative of overhydration.
Besides dietary changes, what other lifestyle modification should a patient with mild hyperkalemia consider?
Besides dietary changes, what other lifestyle modification should a patient with mild hyperkalemia consider?
The rapid infusion of hypertonic saline can lead to a dangerous condition known as central pontine ______.
The rapid infusion of hypertonic saline can lead to a dangerous condition known as central pontine ______.
Match the electrolyte imbalance with its MOST concerning potential complication:
Match the electrolyte imbalance with its MOST concerning potential complication:
A patient with chronic kidney disease is MOST at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is MOST at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
Patients taking loop diuretics, like furosemide, are at increased risk of developing hyperkalemia.
Patients taking loop diuretics, like furosemide, are at increased risk of developing hyperkalemia.
What is the primary goal when managing a patient with severe hypervolemia?
What is the primary goal when managing a patient with severe hypervolemia?
The sensation of thirst is primarily regulated by the ______ in the brain.
The sensation of thirst is primarily regulated by the ______ in the brain.
Match the ECG finding with the applicable electrolyte imbalance:
Match the ECG finding with the applicable electrolyte imbalance:
Flashcards
Fluids
Fluids
The water content in the body, essential for maintaining homeostasis.
Electrolytes
Electrolytes
Minerals in body fluids carrying an electric charge, crucial for nerve signals and muscle function.
Functions of Fluids
Functions of Fluids
Maintain blood volume, transport nutrients, and regulate body temperature.
Major Electrolytes
Major Electrolytes
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Risk Factors for Fluid Imbalance
Risk Factors for Fluid Imbalance
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Causes of Increased Water Loss
Causes of Increased Water Loss
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Nursing Interventions for Fluid Balance
Nursing Interventions for Fluid Balance
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Hypervolemia Manifestations
Hypervolemia Manifestations
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Hypervolemia Interventions
Hypervolemia Interventions
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Hypovolemia Manifestations
Hypovolemia Manifestations
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Hypovolemia Interventions
Hypovolemia Interventions
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Hypernatremia Manifestations
Hypernatremia Manifestations
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Hypernatremia Interventions
Hypernatremia Interventions
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Hyponatremia Manifestations
Hyponatremia Manifestations
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Hyperkalemia Manifestations
Hyperkalemia Manifestations
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Hyperkalemia Teaching
Hyperkalemia Teaching
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Hypokalemia Manifestations
Hypokalemia Manifestations
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Hypokalemia Teaching
Hypokalemia Teaching
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Hypokalemia Interventions
Hypokalemia Interventions
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Study Notes
- Fluids are the body's water content, essential for maintaining homeostasis, blood volume, nutrient transport, and temperature regulation.
- Fluids are present in intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (outside cells) compartments.
- Electrolytes are minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge.
- Key electrolytes include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-).
- Electrolytes are essential for maintaining fluid balance, transmitting nerve signals, and supporting muscle contraction and numerous other physiological functions.
Risk Factors for Imbalanced Fluids and Electrolytes
- Dehydration
- Hypovolemia
- Overhydration
- Certain medications
- Heart, kidney, or liver disorders
- Incorrect intravenous fluids or feedings
- Conditions like profuse sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea
Nursing and Collaborative Interventions
- Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance through regular assessments.
- Maintain fluid balance via appropriate intake and output.
- Correct electrolyte imbalances, using appropriate replacement or restriction methods.
- Collaborate with dietitians to provide appropriate nutritional support.
- Provide patient education regarding fluid and electrolyte balance.
Hypervolemia (Fluid Overload)
- Clinical manifestations include edema, weight gain, hypertension, crackles in lungs, and jugular vein distention (JVD).
- Client teaching should focus on accurate intake and output (I&O) recording.
- Collaborative interventions involve diuretics and fluid/sodium restriction.
Hypovolemia (Dehydration/Fluid Deficit)
- Clinical manifestations include dry skin, hypotension, tachycardia, and low urine output.
- Client teaching should focus on accurate intake and output (I&O) recording.
- Collaborative interventions involve IV fluids and oral rehydration.
Hypernatremia (Sodium Excess)
- Clinical manifestation: Sodium levels greater than 145 mEq/L
- Other clinical manifestations: thirst, dry mucous membranes, confusion, and seizures.
- Client teaching should focus on dietary sodium restriction.
- Collaborative interventions involve hypotonic IV fluids and sodium restriction.
Hyponatremia (Sodium Deficiency)
- Clinical manifestation: Sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L
- Other clinical manifestations include confusion, seizures, nausea, and vomiting.
- Client teaching should focus on dietary.
- Collaborative interventions involve hypertonic IV fluids and sodium replacement.
Hyperkalemia (Potassium Excess)
- Clinical manifestation: Potassium levels greater than 5.0 mEq/L
- Cardiac manifestations include peaked T waves, widened QRS, arrhythmias, and bradycardia.
- Neuromuscular manifestations include muscle weakness and paralysis.
- GI manifestations include nausea and diarrhea.
- Client teaching should focus on dietary choices, specifically avoiding high-potassium foods like bananas, oranges, potatoes, and spinach.
- Collaborative interventions involve monitoring cardiac function and potassium levels.
Hypokalemia (Potassium Deficiency)
- Clinical manifestation: Potassium levels less than 3.5 mEq/L
- Cardiac manifestations include flattened T waves, U waves, and arrhythmias.
- Neuromuscular manifestations include muscle weakness, cramping, and paralysis.
- GI manifestations include constipation.
- Client teaching should focus on dietary choices.
- Encourage consumption of high-potassium foods like bananas, avocados, potatoes, spinach, and oranges.
- Oral or IV potassium replacement (IV K+ must be diluted and NEVER pushed, as it can cause fatal arrhythmias).
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