Fluid Regulation and Daily Water Intake Quiz G. 25 - 1.6

<p>20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood is a separate fluid compartment contained within the circulatory system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 liters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control of urine excretion by the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insensible water loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion through pores in capillary membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1400 ml (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluids ingested (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases sweat production significantly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2300 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intake 2300 ml, Output 6600 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of body temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume of red blood cells packed in a centrifuge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the centrifuge does not completely pack the red blood cells together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.40 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anemia, meaning a deficiency of red blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The osmotic effects of the plasma proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotonic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ions are attracted to each other, forming neutral pairs and reducing their individual osmotic activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be infused into the blood without upsetting the osmotic equilibrium between intracellular and extracellular fluids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The osmotic effects of plasma proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the movement of water based on the concentration gradient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The higher solute concentration attracts the water molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Na+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their similar composition is due to the high permeability of capillary membranes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4.0 mOsm/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ca2+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>24 mOsm/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining the volume of different fluid compartments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular fluid has a higher concentration of chloride ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membranes are relatively impermeable to ions but highly permeable to water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high permeability of cell membranes to water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because van't Hoff's law assumes that solutes behave independently in solution, which is not always the case. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To correct for deviations from the predictions of van't Hoff's law due to interionic attraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium and chloride ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>286 mOsm/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rapid movement of water across the cell membrane maintains equilibrium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmotic pressure drives the movement of water across the cell membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluid outside cells, includes interstitial fluid and plasma.

Fluid that fills spaces between cells, making up most of ECF.

Liquid component of blood that carries cells and nutrients, about 3 liters in a 70-kg man.

Extracellular fluids account for about 20% of body weight, or around 14 liters in a 70-kg individual.

Major positively charged ions in body fluids include Na+, Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+.

Major negatively charged ions include Cl−, HCO3−, and PO4³−.

Plasma and interstitial fluid exchange substances through capillary membrane pores, permeable to solutes but not proteins.

Blood contains ECF and intracellular fluid, but is considered a separate compartment within the circulatory system.

Water loss that occurs without conscious awareness, primarily through skin and lungs.

Total amount of water lost by the body each day, including urine, sweat, and insensible losses.

Organs responsible for regulating water and electrolyte balance through urine excretion.

Process by which the kidneys remove excess water and waste from the bloodstream.

The equilibrium maintained between the amount of water consumed and expended.

Average amount of water consumed daily, typically around 2300 ml.

The maintenance of stable levels of minerals in body fluids that are crucial for bodily functions.

Water loss occurs both through skin and respiration, affecting total daily loss.

Total volume of blood in an adult, about 5 liters, or 7% of body weight.

Blood consists of 60% plasma and 40% red blood cells.

Fraction of blood volume occupied by red blood cells, measured by centrifugation.

Normal range: men around 0.40, women around 0.36.

In severe anemia, hematocrit may drop to 0.10.

Condition of excess red blood cell production, hematocrit can rise to 0.65.

Used to measure hematocrit by packing red blood cells.

Includes substances like cholesterol, glucose, and urea in the plasma.

The concentration of solutes in plasma, measured in mOsm/L.

Sodium ion concentration in plasma is approximately 142 mOsm/L.

Potassium ion concentration in intracellular fluid is around 140 mOsm/L.

Chloride (Cl−) concentration in plasma is about 106 mOsm/L.

Bicarbonate ion concentration in plasma is approximately 24 mOsm/L.

Calcium ion concentration in plasma is about 1.3 mOsm/L.

Phosphate concentrations are higher in intracellular fluid than in plasma.

Indicator mass is calculated by volume multiplied by concentration.

Property of cell membranes that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

The total concentration of solute particles in a solution, about 300 mOsm/L in body fluids.

The pressure required to prevent water from diffusing into a solution through a semipermeable membrane.

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as the cell's interior, preventing cell shrinkage or swelling.

A common isotonic solution used in clinical settings, typically 0.9% NaCl.

Proteins in plasma that contribute to osmotic pressure differences between plasma and interstitial fluid.

Interstitial fluid is outside cells, while intracellular fluid is inside; both having similar osmolarity.

Adjustments made to osmolar measurements considering interactions between ions in body fluids.

A correction factor used to account for deviations in osmotic predictions, particularly when ions interact.

The actual osmolarity for 0.9% sodium chloride solution, adjusted by osmotic coefficient.

Factors determining the osmolarity of fluids, primarily sodium, chloride, and potassium ions.

About half of the osmolarity comes from potassium ions, with others making up the rest.

About 80% of the osmolarity comprises sodium and chloride ions.

Cell membranes are highly permeable to water but less so to ions like sodium and chloride.

The interaction that causes sodium and chloride ions to not behave independently in solution.