Fluid Mechanics: Particle Interception

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Questions and Answers

What is the process referred to as when it occurs within the pores?

Coagulation

Filtration

Flocculation (correct)

Sedimentation

What happens to the flocs when they are removed from the pores?

They are dissolved in the fluid

They are broken down into smaller particles

They are recycled back into the system

They are removed by one of the mechanisms (correct)

What is the Arabic term for flocculation?

الترسيب

المرساة

التكثف

التلبد (correct)

What is the purpose of flocculation in the pores?

To remove impurities from the fluid Signup and view all the answers

What happens to particles when they come into direct contact with the surface of the filtering medium?

They are removed from the stream line Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of removal of flocs from the pores?

One of the mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of particles being removed from the stream line when they come into contact with the filtering medium?

Interception Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of particles coming into direct contact with the surface of the filtering medium?

The particles are removed from the stream line Signup and view all the answers

Why do particles get removed from the stream line when they come into contact with the filtering medium?

Because of the direct contact with the surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for particles to be removed from the stream line through interception?

The particles must come into direct contact with the surface Signup and view all the answers

What happens to particles smaller than the pore size during filtration?

They are trapped by chance contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which particles larger than the pore size are removed from the fluid during filtration?

Mechanical straining Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chance contact between particles and the filter?

Particles are trapped within the filter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of particle removal during filtration?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which particles are removed from the fluid during filtration?

Mechanical straining Signup and view all the answers

What happens to heavy particles that do not follow the flow streams?

They settle on the filtering medium Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of sedimentation or impaction?

Heavy particles settle on the filtering medium Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for particles settling on the filtering medium?

Because they are heavy and do not follow the flow streams Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a particle will settle on the filtering medium?

The weight of the particle Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the flow streams and the filtering medium?

They work together to remove particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of depth filtration?

To remove suspended and colloidal particles from water Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the material used in depth filtration, such as sand or coal?

Granular filter media Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that removes particles from the filter bed?

Backwashing Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rate at which water flows through the filter?

Loading rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of particle removal in depth filtration?

Straining Signup and view all the answers

What type of filter media is used to remove very fine particles?

Metallic mesh Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the water that has been previously filtered?

Previously filtered water Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the expanded filter bed?

To allow for backwashing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Filtration Process

Particles moving along the streamline are removed when they come into direct contact with the surface of the filtering medium.
Interception occurs when particles are removed due to direct contact with the filtering medium.

Flocculation

Flocculation can occur within the pores of the filtering medium.
Flocs will be removed by one of the mechanisms of filtration.

Depth Filtration

Depth filtration involves removing suspended solids and colloids from water by passing it through a layer or bed of granular filter media, such as sand.
Suspended solids are removed by the filter media.

Filter Classifications

Filters can be classified based on the filtering medium used:
- Sand filters (e.g., natural silica sand)
- Anthracite filters (e.g., powdered anthracite coal)
- Diatomaceous earth filters
- Metallic mesh filters (e.g., stainless steel mesh)

Filtration Rate

Filtration rate (or loading rate) is the rate of water flow applied per unit area of the filter.
It is the velocity of water approaching the filter interface.

Principal Particle Removal Mechanisms

Sedimentation or impaction: heavy particles that do not follow the flow streams settle on the filtering medium.
Interception: particles smaller than the pore space are trapped within the filter by chance contact.
Adhesion: particles are removed due to direct contact with the filtering medium.

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Description

Learn about the concept of interception in fluid mechanics, where particles moving along a streamline are removed when they come into direct contact with the surface of a filtering medium.