Fluid Mechanics Introduction
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Fluid Mechanics Introduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the study of fluids at rest called?

  • Fluid Mechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Fluid Statics (correct)
  • Fluid Properties

    • Which of the following is NOT a benefit of studying fluid mechanics for civil engineers?

  • Improved Water Management
  • Enhanced Infrastructure Design
  • Effective Environmental Protection
  • Increased Software Development (correct)

    • In fluid mechanics, which aspect is associated with how fluids respond to forces?

  • Fluid Temperature
  • Fluid Composition
  • Fluid Density
  • Fluid Dynamics (correct)

    • What distinguishes fluids from solids, as described in fluid mechanics?

    <p>Fluids have no definite shape and deform when a force is applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application is enhanced by studying fluid mechanics in healthcare?

    <p>Optimized medical equipment design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluid mechanics plays a role in which aspect of disaster preparedness?

    <p>Modeling fluid behavior in emergency scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fluid mechanics contribute to environmental protection?

    <p>By studying fluid pollutant dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fluid dynamics?

    <p>The motion of fluids and forces acting on them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines a liquid as opposed to a gas?

    <p>Definite volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a non-Newtonian fluid?

    <p>Quicksand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of a fluid is defined as the mass per unit volume?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about ideal fluids?

    <p>They are assumed to have no viscosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the viscosity of Newtonian fluids behave under pressure?

    <p>It remains constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid has the highest density based on the provided data?

    <p>Mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of specific weight in fluids?

    <p>Weight per unit volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is typically associated with gases?

    <p>Random motion of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific weight of a fluid?

    <p>Weight per unit volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding specific gravity?

    <p>It is a dimensionless quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reference fluid for measuring the specific gravity of gases?

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the specific gravity of seawater is 1.03, what does this indicate?

    <p>It is denser than fresh water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compressibility refers to which property of a substance?

    <p>Its ability to decrease in volume under pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The specific volume of a fluid is defined as:

    <p>Volume per unit mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific weight of a fluid represented by?

    <p>Gamma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For liquids and solids, which is the reference density used for specific gravity?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 atm in Pascals?

    <p>101,325 Pascals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Ideal Gas Law?

    <p>Viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of specific gravity?

    <p>The density of a liquid relative to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is specific weight calculated?

    <p>Weight divided by volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a mass of 500 kg is placed in a volume of 0.325 cubic meters, what is the density of the substance?

    <p>1,538.46 kg/m³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using the Ideal Gas Law, which variable is commonly associated with the volume of a gas?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a unit of pressure?

    <p>N/m²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula correctly expresses the conversion from atm to psi?

    <p>1 atm = 14.7 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass density of a fluid with a specific weight of 95.40 lb/ft³ in kg/m³?

    <p>1,350 kg/m³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you calculate the weight of glycerine with a mass of 1,200 kg?

    <p>Using the formula weight = mass × gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gravity of a liquid with a density of 1,000 kg/m³?

    <p>1.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the volume of a liquid decreases under pressure, what property is calculated to describe its elasticity?

    <p>Bulk modulus of elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pressure is required to reduce the volume of water by 0.6% if its bulk modulus of elasticity is 2.2 GPa?

    <p>1.32 MPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass density of helium at 4°C and an absolute pressure of 285.92 kPa?

    <p>0.1785 kg/m³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the bulk modulus of elasticity calculated when given volume change and pressure increase?

    <p>Using the formula K = -ΔP / (ΔV/V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit of measurement is often used for specific weight?

    <p>lb/ft³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fluid Mechanics Introduction

    • Civil Engineers study fluid mechanics to understand fluid properties and their applications.
    • Fluid mechanics deals with fluids in different states and their response to forces.
    • Fluid statics studies fluids at rest.
    • Fluid dynamics studies fluids in motion, including the forces exerted on them.

    Fluids

    • Fluids have no definite shape.
    • They continue to deform or flow when an external force acts on them.

    Types of Fluids

    • Liquids have definite volume.
    • Gases have no definite volume, and particles move randomly with weak attraction to each other.
    • Ideal Fluids have no viscosity, are incompressible, and exhibit no turbulence when flowing.
    • Real Fluids have viscosity, are compressible, and experience disturbances.

    Real Fluids

    • Newtonian Fluids have constant viscosity regardless of pressure.
    • Non-Newtonian Fluids exhibit a change in viscosity when pressure is applied.

    Fluid Properties I

    • Density is the mass per unit volume (kg/m3).
    • Specific Weight is the weight per unit volume (N/m3).
    • Specific Volume is the volume per unit mass.
    • Specific Gravity is the ratio of the fluid's density to a reference density (water for liquids and solids, air for gases).
    • Compressibility measures a substance's decrease in volume under pressure.
    • Bulk Modulus of Elasticity is the reciprocal of compressibility.
    • Ideal Gas Law describes the behaviour of gases:
      • Ρ = (P * M)/(R * T) where:
        • ρ is density (kg/m3)
        • P is absolute pressure (Pa)
        • M is universal gas constant (J/kg-K)
        • T is absolute temperature (K)

    Pressure Units

    • 1 atm = 1.01325 bar
    • 1 atm = 101,325 Pa
    • 1 atm = 14.7 psi
    • 1 atm = 760 torr
    • 1 atm = 760 mmHg

    Plate Problems

    • Problem 1:
      • Gasoline with a specific weight of 46 lb/ft3.
      • Calculate mass density.
      • Calculate specific volume.
      • Calculate specific gravity.
    • Problem 2:
      • Calculate the pressure (MPa) needed to reduce a volume by 0.6%.
    • Problem 3:
      • Glycerine with a mass of 1,200 kg and a volume of 0.952 m3.
      • Calculate the weight.
      • Calculate the mass density.
      • Calculate the unit weight.
      • Calculate the specific gravity.
    • Problem 4:
      • Salad oil with a mass of 73.8 kg and a height of 0.4 m.
      • Calculate the density.
    • Problem 5:
      • A liquid in a cylinder with an initial volume of 1000 cm3 and pressure of 1 MN/m2 is compressed to a volume of 995 cm3 at a pressure of 2 MN/m2.
      • Calculate the compressibility.
      • Calculate the bulk modulus of elasticity.
    • Problem 6:
      • Water with a bulk modulus of elasticity of 2.2 GPa.
      • Calculate the pressure required to reduce its volume by 0.6%.
    • Problem 7:
      • Calculate the mass density of helium at 4°C and a pressure of 285.92 kPa.
    • Problem 8:
      • A gas under an absolute pressure of 21.868 bar at 40°C, with a unit weight of 362 N/m3.
      • Convert the pressure to kPa.
      • Calculate the gas constant (J/kg-K).
    • Problem 9:
      • A liquid compressed from 1.25 L at 175 Pa to 1215 cm3 after increasing the pressure to 190 Pa.
      • Calculate the bulk modulus of elasticity.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics, including the properties of fluids, types of fluids, and their behaviors under various conditions. Ideal and real fluids are discussed, along with the differences between Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids. Test your knowledge of fluid statics and dynamics, essential for civil engineering.

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