Fluid Mechanics Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Quid es la kapilara elevace?

La kapilara elevace es la ascendenta del nivello del liquore in tubulos multe anguste causate per la tension superficial.

What is a streamline?

La proudnice es la linea imagine in un campo de velocitates, le que es tangente a la vector de velocitate in omne puncto.

La profil de velocitate es plu forte in le fluxo laminar que in le fluxo turbulent.

True (A)

Quid es le Moody diagram?

<p>Le Moody diagram es un grafico que monstra le relacion inter le perdite de pressura in un tubo e le numero de Reynolds, le rugositate del superficie del tubo, e le diametro del tubo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es un proudnica tubo?

<p>Un proudnica tubo es un tubo imagine que representa le fluxu de un fluido a traverso un area spesific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es aerodinamical obstruction?

<p>Aerodinamical obstruction es le condition in que le velocitate del fluxu de un fluido excede le velocitate del sono.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Como calculemos le potenca hydraulic?

<p>Le potenca hydraulic es le producto del fluxu volumetrico e le pressura del fluido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es la Laval nozzle?

<p>La Laval nozzle es un tubo que accelera le fluxu de un gas de subsonic a supersonic velocitates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le eficacia de un nozzle?

<p>Le eficacia de un nozzle es le proportion del energia cinetica del fluxu de sortie al energia cinetica del fluxu de entrea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es un adiabatic irreversible expansion?

<p>Un adiabatic irreversible expansion es un processo in que un fluido se expande sin que therma transfere se occurre, ma le processo non es reversible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le equation de un free surface?

<p>Le equation de un free surface descrive le forma del superficie de un fluido in un campo de gravitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Reynolds number?

<p>Le numero de Reynolds es un numero adimensional que descrive le relation inter le fortias inertias e le fortias viscosas in un fluxu de fluido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es un proudnica corpore?

<p>Un proudnica corpore es un corpore que es formate pro reducer le tracto durante le fluxu de un fluido circum il.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es un loading diagram?

<p>Un loading diagram es un grafico que monstra le fortias que actua sur un structura.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le emission line?

<p>Le emission line es le linea que connecte le positiones de omne particulas in un campo de fluxu que passa per un puncto specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le hydraulic radius?

<p>Le radius hydraulic es un mesura del area sectional de un canal o tubo de fluxu que es usate pro calcular le perdite de pressura e le velocitate del fluxu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le metacentre?

<p>Le metacentre es le puncto in que le linea de flottacion interseca le linea vertical que passa per le centro de gravitate del corpore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Weissbach equation?

<p>Le equation de Weissbach es un equation que calcula le perdite de pressura in un tubo de fluxu causate per le tracto.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es capillary depression?

<p>Capillary depression es le descendenta del nivello del liquore in tubulos multe anguste causate per la tension superficial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Venturi tube?

<p>Le tubo Venturi es un tubo que estrecha se e postea dilata se.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le bulk module, E?

<p>Le bulk module, E, mesura le resistencia de un material a compression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le velocity coefficient?

<p>Le coefficient de velocitate es un numero adimensional que compara le velocitate real de un fluxu de fluido con le velocitate theoretic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le upstream?

<p>Upstream es le direction del fluxu de un fluido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le downstream?

<p>Downstream es le direction opposite al fluxu de un fluido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es head loss?

<p>Head loss es le diminution in le energia potential de un fluido durante le fluxu a traverso un tubo o canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le local losses?

<p>Local losses es le perdite de pressura in un tubo o canal causate per cambiamentos in le geometria del fluxu, como un cambio subite in le diametro o un flexura in le tubo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le continuity equation?

<p>Le equation de continuitate es un equation que descrive le conservation de massa in un fluxu de fluido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Reynolds stress?

<p>Le stress de Reynolds es un mesura del stress in un fluxu de fluido causate per le turbos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es un blunt body?

<p>Un corpore blunt es un corpore con un forma non-aerodinamical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es stagnation point?

<p>Le puncto de stagnation es le puncto in un campo de fluxu ubi le velocitate del fluido es zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Reynolds transport theorem?

<p>Le theorema de transporte de Reynolds es un theorema que relaciona le cambios in le valores medie de proprietates de un fluido con le fluxos de illos traverso le superficie del control-volumeno.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le efficiency of a nozzle?

<p>Le eficacia de un nozzle es le proportion del energia cinetica del fluxu de sortie al energia termica del fluxu de entrea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Torricelli's theorem?

<p>Le theorema de Torricelli es un theorema que descrive le velocitate de un fluido que flue a traverso un orificio in un recipiente.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es turbulent flow?

<p>Turbula fluxu es un fluxu de fluido que es caotic e complexe e que es characterisate per turbos e per un profil de velocitate non-uniforme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es hydraulic head?

<p>Le capite hydraulic es le energia potential de un fluido in un punto specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es un rotating free surface?

<p>Un superficie libere rotante es le superficie de un fluido que rota a un velocitate constante.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Hugoniot's theorem?

<p>Le theorema de Hugoniot es un theorema que descrive le relation inter le pression, le densitate, e le velocitate de un fluido in un ondo de choc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es Newtonian fluids?

<p>Fluidos newtonian es fluidos que ha un viscositate constante, independente del velocitate de deforation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le law of momentum?

<p>Le lege de momentum es un lege physic que descrive le relation inter le fortia que actua sur un corpore e le cambio in le momentum del corpore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Euler equation?

<p>Le equation de Euler es un equation matematic que descrive le motion de un fluido non-viscous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Como nos classifica le fluidos?

<p>Nos classifica le fluidos per lor compressibilitate e lor viscositate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le work of water turbines?

<p>Le laboro de turbinas de aqua es le energia que illos produce per le conversion del energia potencial del aqua in energia cinetica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le equation of motion for a fluid in a U-tube?

<p>Le equation de motion pro un fluido in un tubo U descrive le motion del fluido in un tubo in forma de U.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le Bernoulli equation for an ideal fluid and a real fluid?

<p>Le equation de Bernoulli pro ideal fluidos e real fluidos descrive le conservation del energia in un fluxu de fluido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le forces acting on a fluid particle in a moving fluid?

<p>Le fortias que actua sur un particula de fluido in un fluido in motion es le fortias de gravitate, pression, e viscositate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es potential flow?

<p>Fluxu potential es un typo de fluxu de fluido in que le velocitate del fluido pote esser representate como le gradiente de un potential scalar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le formula for dynamic pressure?

<p>Le formula pro pressura dynamic es le metade del densitate del fluido multuplicate per le quadrato del velocitate del fluido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le circulation?

<p>Le circulation es un mesura del rotation de un fluxu de fluido circum un curva clauside.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quid es le dependency of Cx on Re for a sphere?

<p>Le dependentia del coefficient de tracto, Cx, sur le numero de Reynolds pro un sfera monstra que le coefficient de tracto diminue con le numero de Reynolds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Newton's Law

  • Describes the relationship between shear stress and the velocity gradient in fluids.
  • Shear stress (τ) is related to the dynamic viscosity (µ) and the velocity gradient (du/dy).

Capillary Elevation

  • Capillary elevation occurs when a liquid rises or falls in a narrow tube due to surface tension.
  • The height (h) of the liquid elevation or depression is related to the surface tension (σ), contact angle (θ), and the tube radius (r).
  • The formula is h = (2σ cosθ)/(ρgr) where σ = surface tension, θ = contact angle, ρ = density of liquid, g = acceleration due to gravity, and r = radius of the tube.

Streamlines

  • Streamlines are curves in a flow field that are everywhere tangent to the velocity vector at each point in the fluid.
  • Streamlines help visualize the flow pattern and show flow direction.

Prandtl Tube

  • Used for measuring fluid velocity.
  • The formula for the velocity (v) of a fluid using a Prandtl tube is given as v = 2√[(p2−p1)/ρ] where p2 and p1 pressures, and ρ is density.

Moody Diagram

  • Shows the relationship between the friction factor (λ) and the Reynolds number (Re) for various pipe roughness.
  • The Moody diagram is used to determine the friction factor for turbulent flow in pipes.
  • Friction factor depends on Re and roughness.

Buckingham Pi Theorem

  • Used to reduce the number of variables in complex physical problems.
  • The Buckingham Pi theorem is a technique for finding dimensionless groups from a set of variables in order to simplify the problem.
  • Based on dimensional analysis
  • Reduces the number of variables via dimensionless groups

Euler's Equation

  • Describes the conservation of linear momentum in a fluid flow.
  • The relationship between pressure gradient and fluid acceleration is given as a function of the fluid velocity.
  • The equation considers the spatial variations of pressure, momentum, and the fluid acceleration.

Reynolds Number

  • A dimensionless number describing the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in a fluid.
  • Used to determine the flow regime (laminar or turbulent) in a pipe or channel.
  • A critical Reynolds number separates laminar from turbulent flows, and it's denoted as Re.

Flow in a tube

  • The fluid velocity, pressure, and density of the fluid are important factors that must be considered when studying flow in a tube.
  • Laminar flow has smooth layers, turbulent flow is chaotic.

Power of a fluid

  • Power is calculated by taking the product between the mass flow rate, gravity constant, elevation difference and the density of the fluid, as a function of the area of the pipe or channel.
  • Power of the fluid is a function of the mass flow rate, elevation difference, and cross-sectional area of the pipe, or channel.

Laval Nozzle

  • A Laval nozzle is a converging-diverging nozzle used to accelerate a fluid to supersonic speeds.
  • The fluid expands and accelerates in the diverging section to achieve supersonic speeds.

Efficiency of a nozzle

  • Efficiency of a nozzle is a measure of how effectively the nozzle accelerates the fluid.
  • It is a measure of how much of the input energy is converted into kinetic energy of the fluid.

Hydrostatic Pressure

  • Pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity.
  • It depends only on the height and density of the fluid.
  • Formula: P = ρgh.

Hydrostatic Paradox

  • The equal hydrostatic pressure forces at every point in a fluid at the same height, regardless of the shape or size of the container.

Bernoulli Equation

  • Describes the conservation of energy in steady, incompressible, and inviscid flow.
  • Expresses the relationship between static and dynamic pressure, kinetic energy and pressure.

Torricelli's law

  • Formula : V= √(2gh)
  • Equation that predicts the speed of a fluid emerging from an opening in container.

Dimensional Analysis

  • Method for deriving and analyzing physical relationships or models.

Nozzle Efficiency

  • A calculation of how effectively energy is transferred using the Laval Nozzle.

Kapilární Elevation

  • Equation is h=2σ cosθ/ ρgr
  • Height of elevation in a narrow tube due to surface tension.

Viscosity

  • Fluid resistance to flow.
  • Liquid resistance, or internal friction.

Laminar Flow

  • Characterized by smooth, parallel layers of fluid moving past each other.

Turbulent Flow

  • Chaotic flow marked by fluctuations in velocity and pressure.

Reynolds transport theorem

  • A fundamental concept in fluid mechanics, which describes how to analyze the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy for open and closed systems.

Velocity

  • The speed and direction at a given point in a fluid flow.

Pressure

  • Force per unit area exerted by a fluid.

Density

  • Mass per unit volume of a fluid.

Specific Weight

  • Weight per unit volume of a fluid.

Surface Tension

  • Force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid.

Contact Angle

  • Angle between the tangent at the intersection of the liquid and solid surfaces and the solid surface.

More Notes

  • Includes numerous other related concepts like momentum, energy, and conservation laws.

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Description

This quiz covers key principles in fluid mechanics including Newton's law of viscosity, capillary elevation, streamlines, and the Prandtl tube for measuring fluid velocity. Test your understanding of these concepts through a series of questions.

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