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Questions and Answers
A liquid with viscosity less than that of ______ is known as a mobile liquid.
A liquid with viscosity less than that of ______ is known as a mobile liquid.
water
The difference in pressure between two points in a fluid carrying network is known as ______.
The difference in pressure between two points in a fluid carrying network is known as ______.
pressure drop
Frictional forces caused by resistance to flow lead to a ______ in pressure as the fluid moves through the tube.
Frictional forces caused by resistance to flow lead to a ______ in pressure as the fluid moves through the tube.
drop
Higher fluid ______ and flow velocities result in a larger pressure drop.
Higher fluid ______ and flow velocities result in a larger pressure drop.
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To determine pressure drop in circular pipes, you need to know the length of the pipe and the ______.
To determine pressure drop in circular pipes, you need to know the length of the pipe and the ______.
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The acceleration of ______ is a factor in calculating pressure drop caused by vertical elevation.
The acceleration of ______ is a factor in calculating pressure drop caused by vertical elevation.
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Resistance coefficients for calculating pressure drop are often determined through practical ______.
Resistance coefficients for calculating pressure drop are often determined through practical ______.
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In compressible fluids, pressure drop can lead to an increase in ______.
In compressible fluids, pressure drop can lead to an increase in ______.
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In the 19th century, Osborne Reynolds demonstrated that the flow of a liquid through a pipe is essentially of two types: laminar flow and ______ flow.
In the 19th century, Osborne Reynolds demonstrated that the flow of a liquid through a pipe is essentially of two types: laminar flow and ______ flow.
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The intermediary flow between laminar and turbulent flow is referred to as ______ flow.
The intermediary flow between laminar and turbulent flow is referred to as ______ flow.
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Hydraulics deals with the mechanical properties of ______.
Hydraulics deals with the mechanical properties of ______.
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Reynolds number, denoted by ______, is defined as the ratio of inertial force to viscous force in fluid flow.
Reynolds number, denoted by ______, is defined as the ratio of inertial force to viscous force in fluid flow.
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Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for ______.
Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for ______.
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For laminar flow in pipes, the Reynolds number is less than ______.
For laminar flow in pipes, the Reynolds number is less than ______.
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The flow or management of fluids, primarily ______, plays a crucial role in engineering hydraulics.
The flow or management of fluids, primarily ______, plays a crucial role in engineering hydraulics.
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The pressure drop in laminar flow does not depend on the roughness of the ______.
The pressure drop in laminar flow does not depend on the roughness of the ______.
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When matter exists in liquid or gaseous form, it is known as a ______.
When matter exists in liquid or gaseous form, it is known as a ______.
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In turbulent flow, the velocity distribution is more ______ across the pipe diameter than in laminar flow.
In turbulent flow, the velocity distribution is more ______ across the pipe diameter than in laminar flow.
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A fluid by itself offers no lasting resistance to change of ______.
A fluid by itself offers no lasting resistance to change of ______.
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The friction factor for laminar flow is a function of Reynolds number only, while for ______ flow, it also depends on pipe wall characteristics.
The friction factor for laminar flow is a function of Reynolds number only, while for ______ flow, it also depends on pipe wall characteristics.
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In the context of pipe flow, the absolute roughness is denoted by ______.
In the context of pipe flow, the absolute roughness is denoted by ______.
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The viscosity is the property of a fluid that offers resistance to ______ deformation.
The viscosity is the property of a fluid that offers resistance to ______ deformation.
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Honey has a much higher viscosity than ______.
Honey has a much higher viscosity than ______.
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An ideal fluid or inviscid fluid is one that has no resistance to ______ stress.
An ideal fluid or inviscid fluid is one that has no resistance to ______ stress.
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The average temperature used in the pressure drop equation is the average of entrance and exit of the ______.
The average temperature used in the pressure drop equation is the average of entrance and exit of the ______.
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Shear stress is denoted by the Greek letter ______.
Shear stress is denoted by the Greek letter ______.
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The formula to calculate average shear stress is force per unit ______.
The formula to calculate average shear stress is force per unit ______.
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In the case of open channel flow, shear stress is the force of moving water against the bed of the ______.
In the case of open channel flow, shear stress is the force of moving water against the bed of the ______.
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Dynamic viscosity is the constant in shear stress in terms of ______ gradient.
Dynamic viscosity is the constant in shear stress in terms of ______ gradient.
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The ratio of dynamic viscosity to density is known as ______ viscosity.
The ratio of dynamic viscosity to density is known as ______ viscosity.
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Compressibility is measured as the change in volume of a substance due to a change in ______ applied on it.
Compressibility is measured as the change in volume of a substance due to a change in ______ applied on it.
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Reynolds Number is the ratio of the inertial forces to the ______ forces.
Reynolds Number is the ratio of the inertial forces to the ______ forces.
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Study Notes
Hydraulics
- Hydraulics is the study of liquids' mechanical properties, akin to pneumatics' use of gases.
- Fluid mechanics forms the theoretical underpinning, focusing on engineering applications of fluid properties.
- Engineering hydraulics handles various civil engineering problems involving fluid flow, primarily water.
- Matter exists as solid, liquid, or gas/vapor. Fluids are liquids or gases.
- Fluids need boundaries to maintain a shape.
- Fluids conform to container shapes readily changing shape.
Fluid Properties
- Viscosity is a fluid property resisting shear deformation due to intermolecular cohesion.
- Liquids with higher viscosity deform slower under stress (e.g., honey vs. water).
- An ideal (inviscid) fluid has zero viscosity, rarely observed except at extremely low temperatures.
- Viscosity depends on particle size, shape, and intermolecular attractions.
- Density and viscosity are related parameters in the behavior of fluids.
Pressure Drop
- Fluid resistance to flow depends on velocity and viscosity.
- Pressure drop increases with higher fluid velocity or viscosity.
- Friction, vertical differences, and changes in kinetic energy cause pressure drop.
- Pressure drop's calculation involves factors like pipe length, diameter, fluid density and viscosity, flow rate.
- Resistance coefficients for valves, elbows, etc. aid in calculations.
- Gravity effects influence pressure drop (especially in vertical or elevated pipes).
- Compressible fluid pressure drop varies based on expansion or compression.
Fluid Flow
- Fluid flow classifications involve laminar (streamlined) and turbulent (erratic) patterns.
- Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial to viscous forces; it distinguishes flow types.
- Laminar flow occurs in smooth, orderly layers.
- Turbulent flow is characterized by an erratic pattern with mixing, velocity variations across a flow channel.
- Factors like pipe roughness and fluid properties affect the flow type.
Shear Stress
- Shear stress (τ) measures frictional force from a fluid.
- This is relevant for fluid flow through channels or pipes.
- Calculated as force per unit area.
- Shear stress in a fluid relates to velocity gradient within the fluid.
Compressibility
- Compressibility determines change in volume for a substance with pressure changes.
- Bulk modulus relates change in pressure to the volume strain of a fluid.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fluid mechanics with this quiz that covers key concepts like viscosity, pressure drop, and flow characteristics. Ideal for students studying fluid dynamics or related courses, this quiz will challenge your understanding of the flow behavior in fluids.
