Fluid Mechanics 2: Linear Momentum Applications

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of analyzing linear momentum in a flow system?

To find the forces associated with a steady fluid flow (correct)

To calculate the pressure drop across a component

To determine the velocity distribution of a fluid

To minimize energy loss in fluid transport

In the context of flow through a reducing pipe bend, what does the control volume represent?

A specified region in the flow path (correct)

The area of energy loss in the pipes

The entire fluid system

The fluid entering the pipe

What does the linear momentum equation focus on while analyzing pipe flow?

Net force acting on the control volume (correct)

The viscosity of the fluid involved in the flow

The mass flow rate of the fluid

The temperature changes within the fluid

Which factor is primarily considered when calculating the forces in a reducing pipe bend?

The change in velocity of the fluid Signup and view all the answers

How does a reducing pipe bend affect the fluid flow inside?

It can induce turbulence and velocity changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the general form of the linear momentum balance equation?

Net force = Change in momentum over time Signup and view all the answers

In a fluid flow analysis, which term is likely NOT included in the momentum balance?

Heat transfer Signup and view all the answers

What should be analyzed to assess force exerted on a pipe with steady fluid flow?

Velocity at inlet and outlet Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression for the net force in the direction of pipe flow?

$C%,( *% - C&,( *& cos 1 + E($ Signup and view all the answers

In the expression for net momentum outflow, which term represents the gravitational component?

$0(−!̇$ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the shear stress applied by the pipe wall?

$D$ Signup and view all the answers

How is the weight of the fluid represented in the context of forces in a pipe?

$m g$ Signup and view all the answers

What force component is indicated by the term $E$ in the net force equations?

Outlet pressure adjustment Signup and view all the answers

What assumption is made about the fluid's flow characteristics in this scenario?

The fluid has incompressible properties. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the momentum within the control volume is true?

The rate of accumulation of momentum is steady. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of flow within a reducing pipe bend, what describes the direction of the flow characteristics?

There is no flow in the y-direction. Signup and view all the answers

What does the condition of 'steady state' imply in this context?

All fluid properties are constant over time. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred if the fluid flow is described as having uniform velocities at the inlet and outlet?

The velocity does not change from inlet to outlet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to analyze flow in a reducing pipe bend?

Separating velocities into their respective components Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT considered when writing momentum expressions at the inlet and outlet?

Temperature of the fluid Signup and view all the answers

What expression represents the momentum at the inlet?

0̇ = &*%!% Signup and view all the answers

In the outlet momentum expression, which factor contributes to the force calculation?

Cosine of the angle at outlet Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used in the momentum expression related to flow direction at the outlet?

X and Y components combined Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation representing linear momentum balance in the context of the fluid flow problem?

$Wa- (6 − )YX_U-YW[$ Signup and view all the answers

In the fluid flow problem, how does the atmospheric pressure affect force balance?

It cancels out, having no net effect on force balance. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the force acts to the left according to the fluid flow problem?

It works against the direction of #7. Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the total force in relation to the mass flow rates in the fluid system?

$#782,( = 0!̇ 012 − 0!̇/$ Signup and view all the answers

In the context of force balance, what is the role of $0!̇./$?

It is the exit mass flow rate of the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition given for the control volume in relation to forces?

It is exposed to atmospheric pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding mass flow rates $0!̇ 012$ and $0!̇./$ is correct?

They are part of the linear momentum equation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation $#782,( = -0!̇ 782$ imply about the system?

The net force is directly proportional to the mass flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of defining a control volume in the described fluid system?

To identify the forces acting on the plane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an assumption made in the fluid flow problem?

Steady state flow Signup and view all the answers

What does the notation *782 = 0.005 0& represent in the context of the problem?

Mass flow rate through the jet Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid's properties must be taken into account to calculate the force on the plate?

Both water and air Signup and view all the answers

In the equation provided, what significance does the assumption of uniform/constant velocities have?

It leads to a steady force balance on the plate Signup and view all the answers

How is the force required to hold the plate stationary primarily determined?

By performing force balance on the jet action Signup and view all the answers

What role does the density of the fluids play in this fluid dynamics problem?

It affects the mass flow rate calculations Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the system must be balanced for the plate to remain stationary?

The forces exerted by the jet on the plate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fluid Mechanics 2 - KIL 3002

Course code: KIL 3002
Course title: Fluid Mechanics 2
Department: Department of Chemical Engineering
University: Universiti Malaya

Chapter 3: Applications of Linear Momentum Balance

Focuses on the application of linear momentum balance in simple flow analysis for flow problems
Aims to determine forces associated with flow systems and maintain balance.

Flow in a Reducing Pipe Bend - Problem 1

Problem Statement: Determine force exerted by steady fluid flow in a reducing bend pipe
Assumptions:
- Steady state flow
- Incompressible fluid
- Uniform/constant velocities at inlet and outlet
Control Volume: A defined region surrounding the flow system.
Linear Momentum Equation: A crucial equation used for analysis, with summation of forces equal to rate of accumulation of momentum.

Flow in a Reducing Pipe Bend - Problem 1 (cont.)

Forces involved:
- Pressure difference (Fp)
- Gravitational force (Fw)
- Shear stress by the pipe wall (pressure difference)
- Unknown force (B)
Analysis of components: velocity components in x and y-directions, cross section areas, and mass flow rates for inlet and outlet.

Flow in a Reducing Pipe Bend - Problem 1 (Momentum Balance)

Solving the problem: Separate x and y directions for analysis
x-direction: Sum forces = Net momentum outflow in x direction
y-direction: Sum forces = Net momentum outflow in y direction
Linear Momentum Balance Equations: Formulas for the x and y-directions to calculate forces and momentum change

Fluid Flow on a Stationary Vertical Plane (Problem 2)

Problem Statement: Determine force required to keep a vertical plane stationary when struck by a jet of fluid exiting a nozzle.
Assumptions: Steady state, incompressible flow, constant velocity
Control Volume: Region surrounding the jet/plate interaction
Force Calculation (x-direction): Linear momentum balance will involve mass flow rates and velocities in the x-direction
Force Calculation Methods: Applying the force balance in the relevant component, will include calculating force from jet hitting control volume

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Description

This quiz focuses on Chapter 3 of Fluid Mechanics 2, specifically on the applications of linear momentum balance in flow analysis. It addresses the determination of forces associated with steady fluid flow in a reducing pipe bend. Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts and problem-solving skills related to fluid dynamics.