Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Quiz

<p>Decreased thirst center (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Give isotonic sodium-free fluid (5% dextrose in water) until the serum sodium level returns to normal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oversecretion of aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thirst, dry mucous membranes, and lethargy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell damage and hypoxia resulting in the release of potassium from inside the cell to the extracellular fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated K+ may be fatal so urgent correction is necessary. Management of underlying cause. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vomiting or diarrhoea or excessive sweating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alters the cell’s ability to depolarise and repolarise normally which affects neuronal and muscular action potentials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral oedema or death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restlessness, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle twitching, tremors hyperreflexia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition where serum sodium levels exceed 145 mmol/L, causing fluid movement out of cells.

The movement of solvents through a semi-permeable membrane from lower to higher solute concentration.

A solution that can lead to increased serum sodium levels when administered inappropriately.

A common cause of dehydration in the elderly due to reduced thirst sensation.

A hormone whose oversecretion can lead to increased sodium retention in the body.

Main treatment for hyponatremia, often 5% dextrose in water to restore sodium levels.

A hormone that, when oversecreted, can lead to increased sodium retention in the body.

Common symptoms include thirst, dry mucous membranes, and lethargy.

Can occur due to cell damage and hypoxia releasing potassium into extracellular fluid.

Requires urgent correction due to potentially fatal elevated K+ levels; manage underlying causes.

Can arise from vomiting, diarrhoea, or excessive sweating, leading to sodium loss.

Affects cell depolarization and repolarization, impacting neuronal and muscular functions.

Potential consequence of rapid fluid replacement during treatment of hyponatraemia, can be fatal.

Include restlessness, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea due to high potassium levels.

Common signs are muscle twitching, tremors, and hyperreflexia due to low potassium.