15 Questions
When serum Na levels are increased to above 145 mmol/L, it leads to the movement of fluid from cells out into the extracellular fluid, causing:
Hypernatremia
Which process involves the movement of solvents through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration?
Osmosis
Inappropriate administration of which solution can lead to increased serum Na levels?
Hypertonic saline solution
What is a common cause of dehydration in the elderly?
Decreased thirst center
Which hormone oversecretion can lead to increased sodium retention?
Cortisol
What is the main treatment for hyponatremia?
Give isotonic sodium-free fluid (5% dextrose in water) until the serum sodium level returns to normal
Which of the following can cause increased sodium retention?
Oversecretion of aldosterone
What are the common signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?
Thirst, dry mucous membranes, and lethargy
What can cause hypokalaemia?
Cell damage and hypoxia resulting in the release of potassium from inside the cell to the extracellular fluid
What is the main treatment for severe hyperkalaemia?
Elevated K+ may be fatal so urgent correction is necessary. Management of underlying cause.
What are the causes of hyponatraemia?
Vomiting or diarrhoea or excessive sweating
What is the effect of sodium depletion on cells?
Alters the cell’s ability to depolarise and repolarise normally which affects neuronal and muscular action potentials
What is a potential consequence of administering fluid replacement too quickly for hyponatraemia?
Cerebral oedema or death
What are the symptoms of mild hyperkalaemia?
Restlessness, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea
What are the common signs and symptoms of hypokalaemia?
Muscle twitching, tremors hyperreflexia
Test your knowledge of disorders related to fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Explore concepts such as diffusion, osmosis, and the role of fluids and electrolytes in cellular transport. Dr. Afrah Adnan Aldelaimi's expertise will guide you through this quiz.
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