Fluid Dynamics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the full name of the international system of units?

Syst'eme International

Which of the following is NOT a base quantity in the SI system?

  • Time
  • Density (correct)
  • Length
  • Mass

Match the following SI base quantities with their corresponding base units:

Length = meter Mass = kilogram Time = second Electric Current = ampere Thermodynamic Temperature = kelvin Amount of Substance = mole Luminous Intensity = candela

What is the SI unit for volume?

<p>cubic meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for radian?

<p>rad</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scientific notation is a way to write very large numbers and very small numbers using decimals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix for the term 10^12?

<p>Tera</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the prefix 'micro'?

<p>µ</p> Signup and view all the answers

A light year is a unit of distance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the unit 'angstrom'?

<p>Ã…</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the unit 'micron'?

<p>µ</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unit symbols are always printed in italic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is not accurate to use abbreviations for unit names, such as 'sec' for 'second' or 'sq.mm' for 'square millimeter'.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the doubt or uncertainty associated with a measurement?

<p>error</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error tends to be in a single direction (either positive or negative)?

<p>Systematic Error (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smallest value that can be measured by a specific measuring instrument is called its 'least count'.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the quantification or magnitude of error or doubt in measurement?

<p>uncertainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce uncertainty in measurement?

<p>Ignoring any potential sources of errors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a vector is split into two perpendicular components?

<p>resolving</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the mathematical theorem used to calculate the sum of two perpendicular vectors?

<p>Pythagoras's theorem</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parallelogram rule and the triangle rule can only be used for collinear or coplanar vectors.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The order in which vectors are added in vector addition does not impact the resultant vector.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state of an object when the net force acting on it is zero?

<p>equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Concurrent forces always act through a common point.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first condition of equilibrium states that the sum of all forces acting on a body must be zero.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the turning effect of a force?

<p>moment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coplanar forces act in the same plane, but not necessarily through the same point.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used to calculate the moment of a force about a point?

<p>tau = r x F</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sign (positive or negative) of a moment depends on the direction of the force and the displacement from the pivot point.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the constant maximum velocity attained by an object falling through a resistive medium?

<p>terminal velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The coefficient of viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow of a fluid.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for viscosity?

<p>Pascal-second (Pa s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stokes's Law is a mathematical formula describing the viscous drag force on a spherical object moving through a fluid.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The equation of continuity states that the mass of an ideal fluid remains constant as it flows through a pipe.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bernoulli's equation describes the conservation of energy in a fluid flow, relating pressure, speed, and height.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

System of Units

A complete set of units for all physical quantities.

Physical Quantities

Quantities that can be measured and expressed numerically.

Base Quantities

Quantities that are used to define all other quantities.

Base Units

Units for base quantities.

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Derived Quantities

Quantities expressed in terms of base quantities.

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Derived Units

Units for derived quantities.

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SI (Systeme International)

The accepted system of units for the whole world.

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Radian (rad)

The angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc with a length equal to the radius of the circle.

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Steradian (sr)

The solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area of its surface equal to the square of the radius.

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Scientific Notation

Expressing very large or very small numbers concisely.

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Precision

The closeness of measurements to each other.

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Accuracy

The closeness of measurements to the actual value of the quantity.

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Significant Figures

Digits of a number that are considered reliable.

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Error

The difference between the measured value and the true value of the quantity.

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Systematic Errors

Errors that tend to be in one direction, either positive or negative.

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Random Errors

Errors that occur irregularly and are unpredictable.

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Least Count

The smallest value that can be measured by a measuring instrument.

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Least Count Error

The error associated with the resolution of the measuring instrument.

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Uncertainty

Quantification of the doubt in a measurement.

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Absolute Uncertainty

Uncertainty with the same unit as the quantity. Denoted by Delta.

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Relative Uncertainty

Uncertainty without units. Denoted by epsilon.

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Addition of Uncertainties: Sum or Difference

Absolute uncertainties are added.

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Addition of Uncertainties: Product or Quotient

Fractional uncertainties are converted into percentage uncertainties, which are then added.

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Addition of Uncertainties: Power

The percentage uncertainty is multiplied by the power, and then converted back to fractional uncertainty.

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Dimensions

Used to describe the physical nature of a quantity.

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Dimensional Formula

Shows how and which base quantities represent the dimensions of a physical quantity.

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Dimensional Equation

Equates a physical quantity with its dimensional formula.

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Dimensional Constants

Have dimensions and are constant.

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Dimensional Variables

Have dimensions and are variable.

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Dimensionless Constants

No dimensions and are constant.

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Dimensionless Variables

No dimensions and are variable.

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Study Notes

Fluid Dynamics

  • A fluid is a substance that can flow.
  • Its shape is governed by the shape of its container.
  • Viscosity is the resistance to flow of a fluid.
    • Higher viscosity, higher resistance to flow.
  • Drag force - retarding force experienced by an object moving through a fluid.
  • Terminal velocity - maximum velocity reached by an object falling through a fluid.
  • Streamline flow - fluid flows along identical paths.
  • Turbulent flow - fluid flows with irregular, whirlpool-like regions.
  • Equation of Continuity - volume flow rate is constant in a pipe of varying cross-section.
  • Bernoulli's Equation - a balance of kinetic energy, pressure, and gravitational potential energy. P + ½pv² + pgh = constant
    • P is pressure, p is density, v is velocity, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.

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