Fluid Dynamics: Kinematics and Streamlines

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Questions and Answers

What defines a streamline in a flow field?

It can cross other streamlines without restriction.

It represents velocity at all particles in the flow.

It shows the pressure distribution in the fluid.

The tangent at any point indicates the direction of the velocity vector. (correct)

What is true about the relationship between path lines and streamlines in unsteady non-uniform flow?

Path lines and streamlines coincide for all particles.

Particles don't move along streamlines.

Path lines and streamlines are identical in appearance.

Path lines can deviate from streamlines. (correct)

How is velocity described along a streamline?

Every point along the streamline has the same velocity magnitude.

Velocity is defined as the average speed of the fluid over time.

Velocity at any point can be determined from the pressure distribution.

Velocity components can vary with respect to the coordinate axes. (correct)

What describes a streak line in fluid dynamics?

It connects all particles passing through a single fixed point over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about instantaneous streamlines is correct?

Instantaneous streamlines exhibit varying shapes in time-dependent flow. Signup and view all the answers

What does the differential equation of the streamline illustrate?

The relationship between displacements in different directions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of path lines?

They represent the trajectory of a fluid particle over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically true for a fluid particle moving along a streamline?

It follows the streamline for only a short interval in time-dependent flow. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a stream tube?

It is bounded by stream lines through a closed curve. Signup and view all the answers

How is steady flow defined?

Velocity, pressure, and density remain constant at a point over time. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes laminar flow from turbulent flow?

Laminar flow is typically associated with well-defined paths and parallel streamlines. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by compressible flow?

The density varies from point to point in the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Which flow type is characterized as irrotational?

Fluid particles do not rotate about their axes during flow. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fluid dynamics, what does a one-dimensional flow imply?

The flow parameter, such as velocity, is a function of one spatial coordinate. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately defines uniform flow?

The flow characteristics are identical at all cross-sections. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a fluid in a turbulent flow regime?

Eddy formation leads to high energy loss. Signup and view all the answers

What happens in an incompressible flow concerning fluid density?

Density changes are ignored, assuming it is constant. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Reynolds number indicate in fluid flow investigations?

The ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kinematics

Kinematics studies motion without considering forces.
Velocity is crucial in fluid flow analysis to determine pressure and forces.

Streamlines

Streamlines are imaginary lines tangent to velocity vectors.
No flow crosses streamlines.
A differential equation describes streamlines: dx/u = dy/v = ds/w.

Path Lines

A path line shows the trajectory of a particular fluid particle.
It tracks the particle's movement over time.

Streak Lines

Streak lines trace the path of particles passing a fixed point.
Dye or smoke are typical tracers.
In steady flow, streamlines, path lines, and streak lines coincide.

Instantaneous Streamlines

In unsteady flow, streamlines change with time.
Instantaneous streamlines depict the streamline position at a specific time.

Stream Tubes

Streamlines forming a closed curve create a stream tube.
Fluid cannot cross a stream tube's boundary.
Fluid entering a stream tube equals fluid leaving.

Flow Classifications

Steady/Unsteady: Steady flow has constant properties over time, while unsteady flow changes with time.
Uniform/Non-uniform: Uniform flow has constant velocity throughout, while non-uniform flow changes with position.
Laminar/Turbulent: Laminar flow is smooth and in layers, while turbulent flow is erratic with eddies.
Compressible/Incompressible: Incompressible fluids have constant density, while compressible fluids do not.
Rotational/Irrotational: Rotational flow involves particle rotation, while irrotational flow does not.
One, Two, and Three-Dimensional Flows: One-dimensional flow varies in one direction, two-dimensional in two, and three-dimensional in three.

Discharge (Rate of Flow)

Discharge measures fluid quantity per second.
Liquid discharge is volume per second (e.g., m³/s).
Gas discharge is often weight or force per second (e.g., kgf/s, N/s).

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of kinematics and fluid flow through this quiz. Learn about streamlines, path lines, and the behavior of fluids in motion without considering external forces. Delve into the importance of velocity and the relationships between different types of lines in fluid dynamics.