Fluid Dynamics: k-e Turbulence Model

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using the k–e turbulence model in this study?

  • To simplify the flow analysis
  • To analyze compressible flow
  • To model turbulent flow in the channel (correct)
  • To derive the energy equation

The Reynolds average Navier–Stokes equations are used for numerical analysis in this study.

True (A)

What does a continuity equation in fluid dynamics represent?

It represents the conservation of mass in a fluid flow.

The transient solution of the computational fluid dynamics model involves _____ generated by the battery during discharge.

<p>variable heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What convergence criteria is set for the numerical analysis in this study?

<p>1 × 10−6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What software was used for the computational fluid dynamics modeling?

<p>ANSYS FLUENT</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the standard k–e turbulence model, __ and __ are constants in the turbulent kinetic energy equation.

<p>C, μ</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Continuity Equation = Conservation of mass in a fluid flow Navier–Stokes Equation = Governing equations for fluid motion RANS = Time-averaged equations for turbulent flow Turbulent Flow = Irregular, chaotic fluid motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for turbulent kinetic energy caused by mean velocity gradient?

<p>Gk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The turbulent kinetic energy caused by buoyancy is represented by Gb.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used to calculate turbulence viscosity (μt)?

<p>μt = k * ε * Cμ</p> Signup and view all the answers

The constants C1ε, C2ε, and C3ε are used as model ______ in the equations.

<p>constants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term in the equation represents the contribution of undulating expansion in compressible turbulence to overall dispersion velocity?

<p>Ym (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thermal radiation is significant at the operating temperature of the battery.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of heat transfer from the battery pack to the cooling plate?

<p>Heat conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>σk = Turbulent Prandtl number of k Sk = User-defined resource item Cμ = Coefficient related to turbulence viscosity Sε = User-defined resource for ε</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inlet flow velocity set for the flow channel?

<p>0.1 m/s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outlet condition of the flow channel is set to a gauge pressure of 101325 Pa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumed initial temperature for the computational domains in the simulations?

<p>298.15 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

The transfer equation used in ANSYS FLUENT for thermal analysis is based on the __________ model.

<p>standard k-e</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>ρ = Density (kg/m3) μ = Viscosity (Pa·s) V = Flow velocity (m/s) P = Pressure (Pa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used for velocity pressure coupling in the analysis?

<p>Semi-implicit method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The turbulent viscosity is represented as μt in the governing equations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Reynolds stress gradient represented by in the governing equations?

<p>λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Turbulence Modeling and Analysis

  • Utilizes standard k–e turbulence model, specifically designed for turbulent fluid flow due to vortex generator.
  • Incorporates enhanced wall treatment, emphasizing the complexity of analytical turbulence solutions.
  • Turbulence viscosity (μt) is defined as μt = Cμρ/ε, where C and μ are constants.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Model

  • ANSYS FLUENT chosen for its flexibility in modeling complex fluid dynamics.
  • Numerical analysis involves continuity and Navier–Stokes equations, moving towards a steady-state solution.
  • Convergence criteria established with residuals reduced to 1 × 10^−6 for continuity, momentum, and energy equations.

Boundary Conditions and Thermal Analysis

  • Model operates under transient conditions due to variable heat generation from battery discharge.
  • Heat is transferred from the battery to the cooling plate, followed by absorption into the coolant.
  • Inlet flow velocity is set to 0.1 m/s with outlet maintained at gauge pressure of 0 Pa.
  • Initial and ambient temperatures assumed at 298.15 K for all simulations.

Grid Independence and Model Setup

  • 3D modeling of the liquid cooling system (BTMS) conducted using SPACECLAIM with mesh module for grid division.
  • Fluent employed for calculating the 3D heat flow coupling model due to the complexity of the channel shape.
  • The semi-implicit method of pressure connection equation is utilized for velocity-pressure coupling.

Heat Generation Rate

  • Battery heat generation rates assessed under various charging scenarios, indicating performance variability and importance of thermal management in battery systems.

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