Fluid and Electrolytes

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Questions and Answers

The majority of fluid is located where?

  • Intracellular (correct)
  • Intravascular
  • Interstitial
  • Extracellular

How much fluid is in the extracellular fluid?

1/3

Potassium is mainly located in which fluid compartment?

  • Intracellular (correct)
  • Interstitial
  • Intravascular
  • Extracellular

What is intravascular fluid also known as?

<p>Plasma (liquid part of blood)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is interstitial fluid located?

<p>Between cells and outside the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

List examples of transcellular fluid.

<p>cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define filtration in the context of fluid balance.

<p>Movement of fluid in and out of the capillaries (between the vascular and interstitial compartments)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces bicarbonate?

<p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of anions.

<p>bicarbonate, Cl-, and PO-</p> Signup and view all the answers

List factors that affect fluid balance.

<p>Age, medications, acute illness, surgery, burns, respiratory disorders, chronic illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is osmolality?

<p>A measure of the number of particles per kilogram of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define hypernatremia.

<p>Definition of dehydration due to loss of sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

List signs and symptoms of mild cases of hypovolemia.

<p>-Weight loss -tachycardia ( body try move fluids round since there not much) -dark yellow urine -dry mucous membrane -flat neck veins -poor skin tugor</p> Signup and view all the answers

In severe hypovolemia what key symptom might you see?

<p>Oliguria (output</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is sodium mainly located?

<p>Extracellular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intravascular fluid?

<p>Plasma (liquid part of blood)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is interstitial fluid?

<p>Between cells and outside the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide examples of transcellular fluid:

<p>cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is filtration?

<p>Movement of fluid in and out of the capillaries (between the vascular and interstitial compartments)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Osmolality.

<p>A measure of the number of particles per kilogram of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Hyperntremia

<p>Definition of dehydration due to loss of sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

List mild cases of hypovolemia:

<p>-Weight loss -tachycardia (body try move fluids round since there not much) -dark yellow urine -dry mucous membrane -flat neck veins -poor skin tugor</p> Signup and view all the answers

List severe cases of hypovolemia

<p>Oliguria (output</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of fluid is in which space?

<p>intracellular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of body fluid is in the extracellular fluid?

<p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Potassium is mainly in the:

<p>intracellular fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intravascular fluid is also known as:

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define osmolality.

<p>A measure of the number of particles per kilogram of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the signs and symptoms of mild hypovolemia.

<p>-Weight loss -tachycardia (body try move fluids round since there not much) -dark yellow urine -dry mucous membrane -flat neck veins -poor skin tugor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign and symtom of severe hypovolemia?

<p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Majority of Fluid

Most of the body's fluid is located inside the cells.

Extracellular Fluid

Approximately 1/3 of the body's fluid is located outside the cells.

Potassium Location

Potassium is the primary intracellular cation.

Sodium Location

Sodium is the primary extracellular cation and most abundant.

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Intravascular Fluid

Plasma, the liquid component of blood.

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Interstitial Fluid

Fluid located between cells and outside blood vessels.

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Transcellular Fluid

Fluid in cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial spaces.

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Filtration

Movement of fluid between vascular and interstitial compartments.

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Kidney Function

The kidneys are responsible for producing bicarbonate

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Examples of Anions

Bicarbonate, chloride (Cl-), and phosphate (PO4-).

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Examples of Cations

Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), and magnesium (Mg++).

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Fluid Balance Factors

Age, medications, acute/chronic illness, surgery, burns, respiratory disorders

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Osmolality

Measure of solute concentration per kilogram of water.

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Hypernatremia

A type of dehydration due to excess sodium.

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Mild Hypovolemia

Weight loss, tachycardia, dark urine, dry mucous membranes, flat neck veins, poor skin turgor

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Severe Hypovolemia

Low urine output.

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Study Notes

  • The majority of bodily fluid is intracellular, accounting for about two-thirds of the total.
  • Extracellular fluid makes up approximately one-third of the body's fluid.
  • Potassium is primarily located inside the cells (intracellular).
  • Sodium is mainly found in the extracellular fluid and is the most abundant cation.
  • Intravascular fluid refers to plasma, the liquid component of blood.
  • Interstitial fluid is the fluid present in the spaces between cells, outside of blood vessels.
  • Transcellular fluid includes cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids.
  • Filtration is the process where fluid moves in and out of capillaries, between the vascular and interstitial compartments.
  • Kidneys are responsible for producing bicarbonate.
  • Anions include bicarbonate, chloride (Cl-), and phosphate (PO-).
  • Cations include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), and magnesium (Mg++).
  • Factors influencing fluid balance are age, medications, acute and chronic illnesses, surgery, burns, and respiratory disorders.
  • Osmolality measures the number of particles per kilogram of water.
  • Hypernatremia is the definition of dehydration due to loss of sodium.

Mild Hypovolemia

  • Weight loss.
  • Tachycardia occurs as the body tries to circulate fluids with decreased volume.
  • Dark yellow urine.
  • Dry mucous membranes.
  • Flat neck veins.
  • Poor skin turgor.

Severe Hypovolemia

  • Oliguria (low urine output).

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