Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Physiology
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Questions and Answers

Which electrolyte is the most abundant in the body?

  • Magnesium
  • Calcium (correct)
  • Chloride
  • Sodium
  • What is the recommended total daily fluid intake for men?

  • 2700 mL
  • 3700 mL (correct)
  • 5000 mL
  • 2000 mL
  • What is the normal serum level range for calcium?

  • 95–105 mEq/L
  • 1.6 – 2.6 mEq/L
  • 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL
  • 8.5 – 10.5 mg/dL (correct)
  • Which of the following is an example of sensible fluid loss?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the thirst center located that prompts the urge to drink?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of calcium from bones and its reabsorption from kidneys and intestines?

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is involved in protein and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as protein and DNA synthesis?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would lead to more fluid loss according to the text?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloride in the body?

    <p>Works with Na+ to maintain osmotic pressure between fluid compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to monitor fluid balance according to the text?

    <p>Calculating intake and output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of fluid intake involves giving solutions with nutrition components via the GI system?

    <p>Enteral feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is essential for cardiac automaticity and combines with phosphorus to form mineral salts of teeth and bones?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte helps in regulating fluid volume and interacts with calcium to maintain muscle contraction?

    <p>Sodium (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for sodium (Na+) in the blood?

    <p>135-145 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a role in regulating sodium (Na+) levels by affecting its reabsorption and excretion through the kidneys?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cation that maintains osmolality in the intracellular fluid (ICF) and assists in regulating cardiac rhythm?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte assists in transmitting electrical impulses in multiple body systems and contributes to acid-base balance?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a cause of low sodium levels due to excess intake?

    <p>Eating excessive table salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phosphate (PO4–) in the body?

    <p>Assists with cell division and hereditary trait transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are calcium and phosphorus levels related in the body?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is lost through diarrhea, diuretics, and renal insufficiency?

    <p>Bicarbonate (HCO3–)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bicarbonate (HCO3–) in the body?

    <p>Maintains acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in potassium deficits lead to?

    <p>Chloride deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte combines with calcium to form mineral salts of teeth and bones?

    <p>Phosphate (PO4–)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in the body according to the text?

    <p>Assist with digestion of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body fluid compartment makes up 40% of body weight?

    <p>Intracellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the sodium-potassium pump discussed in the text?

    <p>Facilitate active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of IV solution has lower osmolality than blood, causing water to move into cells?

    <p>Hypotonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the rate of diffusion as described in the text?

    <p>Body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the normal circulation of blood within a closed system?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the direction of movement of solutes within the body according to the text?

    <p>Osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is highlighted as the main determinant of intracellular osmolality in the text?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential factor for maintaining homeostasis according to the text?

    <p>Balanced Intake and Output (I&amp;O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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