34 Questions
Which electrolyte is the most abundant in the body?
Calcium
What is the recommended total daily fluid intake for men?
3700 mL
What is the normal serum level range for calcium?
8.5 – 10.5 mg/dL
Which of the following is an example of sensible fluid loss?
Urine
Where is the thirst center located that prompts the urge to drink?
Hypothalamus
What stimulates the release of calcium from bones and its reabsorption from kidneys and intestines?
PTH
Which electrolyte is involved in protein and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as protein and DNA synthesis?
Magnesium
Which condition would lead to more fluid loss according to the text?
Dehydration
What is the function of chloride in the body?
Works with Na+ to maintain osmotic pressure between fluid compartments
What is the primary way to monitor fluid balance according to the text?
Calculating intake and output
Which method of fluid intake involves giving solutions with nutrition components via the GI system?
Enteral feeding
Which electrolyte is essential for cardiac automaticity and combines with phosphorus to form mineral salts of teeth and bones?
Calcium
Which electrolyte helps in regulating fluid volume and interacts with calcium to maintain muscle contraction?
Sodium (Na+)
What is the normal range for sodium (Na+) in the blood?
135-145 mEq/L
Which hormone plays a role in regulating sodium (Na+) levels by affecting its reabsorption and excretion through the kidneys?
Aldosterone
What is the major cation that maintains osmolality in the intracellular fluid (ICF) and assists in regulating cardiac rhythm?
Potassium (K+)
Which electrolyte assists in transmitting electrical impulses in multiple body systems and contributes to acid-base balance?
Potassium (K+)
What could be a cause of low sodium levels due to excess intake?
Eating excessive table salt
What is the function of phosphate (PO4–) in the body?
Assists with cell division and hereditary trait transmission
How are calcium and phosphorus levels related in the body?
Inversely proportional
Which electrolyte is lost through diarrhea, diuretics, and renal insufficiency?
Bicarbonate (HCO3–)
What is the primary function of bicarbonate (HCO3–) in the body?
Maintains acid-base balance
What does an increase in potassium deficits lead to?
Chloride deficits
Which electrolyte combines with calcium to form mineral salts of teeth and bones?
Phosphate (PO4–)
What is the role of water in the body according to the text?
Assist with digestion of food
Which body fluid compartment makes up 40% of body weight?
Intracellular
What is the primary role of the sodium-potassium pump discussed in the text?
Facilitate active transport
Which process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration?
Osmosis
What type of IV solution has lower osmolality than blood, causing water to move into cells?
Hypotonic solution
Which factor affects the rate of diffusion as described in the text?
Body temperature
What is responsible for the normal circulation of blood within a closed system?
Hydrostatic pressure
What determines the direction of movement of solutes within the body according to the text?
Osmolality
Which substance is highlighted as the main determinant of intracellular osmolality in the text?
Potassium
What is an essential factor for maintaining homeostasis according to the text?
Balanced Intake and Output (I&O)
Explore the concept of fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body, focusing on the mechanisms that regulate the homeostasis of fluid volume and electrolytes. Learn about normal electrolyte functions, values, body fluids, and solutes.
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