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Questions and Answers
What are the male reproductive organs of a flower called?
What are the male reproductive organs of a flower called?
Incomplete flowers possess all four whorls of floral parts.
Incomplete flowers possess all four whorls of floral parts.
False
What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
The stigma is the sticky part that receives pollen grains.
A flower with both male and female reproductive parts is classified as a __________ flower.
A flower with both male and female reproductive parts is classified as a __________ flower.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which type of flower can only be divided into identical halves in one plane?
Which type of flower can only be divided into identical halves in one plane?
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A dioecious plant has both staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant.
A dioecious plant has both staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant.
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What is the definition of a perfect flower?
What is the definition of a perfect flower?
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In a _____ flower, sepals, petals, and stamens are attached below the ovary, making it superior.
In a _____ flower, sepals, petals, and stamens are attached below the ovary, making it superior.
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Match the flower type with its description:
Match the flower type with its description:
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Study Notes
Announcements
- Online practical scheduled.
- Quiz on 18 September.
- Submission of drawing books on 19 & 20 September.
- Test 2: 12 September 2024 at 17h00, venues KA & KB, same format as Test 1.
- Scope of Test 2: Chapters 5, 6, and part of 7 (up to flowering).
Flower Structure
- A flower is a modified shoot primarily for reproduction, consisting of four whorls:
- Calyx: Composed of sepals that protect the young flower (green).
- Corolla: Made of petals that attract pollinators (colored).
- Androecium: Consists of stamens (anther and filament) that produce male gametes.
- Gynoecium: Comprises the pistil or carpels (stigma, style, ovary) which bear ovules.
- Tepals occur when sepals and petals look identical or are fused.
Reproductive Organs
- Male sex organs: Stamens (anther produces pollen, filament supports anther).
- Female sex organs: Carpels/pistil (ovary holds ovules; stigma is the pollen receptor; style connects stigma to ovary).
Non-Reproductive Floral Organs
- Sepals: Outer whorl that protects flower buds.
- Petals: Inner whorl that attracts pollinators.
- Tepals: Indistinguishable sepals and petals.
Flower Classification
- Complete flower: All four whorls present, whereas incomplete flowers lack one or more.
- Perfect flower: Contains both male and female parts; imperfect flowers have only one.
- Monoecious species possess both types of flowers on the same plant; dioecious species have them on separate plants.
- Actinomorphic (regular): Radially symmetrical; zygomorphic (irregular): Bilaterally symmetrical.
Coalescence and Adnation
- Coalescence: Joining of members within the same whorl.
- Synsepaly: Joined sepals; aposepaly: free sepals.
- Synpetaly: Joined petals; apopetaly: free petals.
- Adnation: Joining of members from different whorls.
- Hypogynous: Parts below ovary; perigynous: ovary within a hypanthium; epigynous: parts above ovary.
Carpels and Placentation
- Carpels: Modified leaves forming cavities for ovules.
- Locules: Cavities within the ovary (unilocular, bilocular, trilocular).
- Placenta: Area in the ovary where ovules attach, with different placentation patterns:
- Parietal, Marginal, Axile, Free/central, Apical, and Basal placentation.
Inflorescences
- Flowers can be solitary or in clusters on an axis called the rachis.
- Inflorescence types are classified based on flower arrangement and attachment.
Types of Inflorescences
-
Simple monopodial:
- Raceme: Indeterminate growth with pedicels of equal lengths.
- Spike: Unbranched with sessile flowers.
- Catkin: Long and unisexual.
- Spadix: Fleshy spike with separate staminate and pistillate flowers.
- Umbel: Flowers from the same point on the peduncle.
- Corymb: Flat-topped; oldest flowers are on long pedicels.
- Capitulum: Disc-like with sessile flowers.
-
Compound monopodial:
- Panicle: Branched racemes; multiple flower clusters.
- Compound Spike: Multiple sessile flower groups.
- Compound Corymb: Branched axis leading to corymb-like clusters.
- Compound Umbel: Shortened primary axis with flowers on branches.
- Cyme: Main axis ends in a flower; oldest flower at the base.
Key Terms
- Determinate: Growth with a fixed endpoint; structures grow to a certain size.
- Indeterminate: Growth continues indefinitely, allowing for a range of flower ages on the same stem.
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Description
Test your knowledge about flower structure and inflorescences with this quiz. Based on the content from chapters 5, 6, and part of chapter 7, it includes details about the calyx, corolla, and other floral components. Prepare for test 2 and enhance your understanding of plant reproduction.
