Flowcharts Topic 1

Flowchart Overview

• A flowchart is a graphical representation of a sequence of logical steps in a program.
• It utilizes geometric shapes for processes and arrows to indicate relationships and data flow.
• Flowcharts facilitate visualization of complex processes and clarify the structure of problems and tasks.
• They can define processes or projects, aiding in effective communication and understanding.

Key Components of Flowcharts

• Terminator: Represents the start and end of a process, often labeled as "Start/Stop" or "End/Beginning."
• Process: Indicates processes or operations, such as mathematical calculations.
• Data: Also referred to as "Input/Output," representing information entering (input) or exiting (output) the system (e.g., customer orders).
• Decision: Represents decision points, typically yielding Yes or No outcomes in programming.
• Arrow: Illustrates the flow and direction of the process sequence.

Sample Problems Using Flowcharts

• ID Check: Determine if a person is a minor or an adult based on age input.
• Gender Classification: Classify gender as male or female based on input of a single letter (M/m or F/f).
• Even or Odd Classification: Classify numbers as even (divisible by 2) or odd (not divisible by 2).
• Grading System: Classify student scores into pass, conditional, or fail based on specific score ranges.

Exercises Utilizing Flowchart Logic

• Typhoon Classification: Categorize typhoons based on wind speed:
  • Tropical Depression: Less than 62 kph
  • Tropical Storm: 62 to 88 kph
  • Severe Tropical Storm: 89 to 117 kph
  • Typhoon: Greater than 117 kph
• Gas Money Calculation: Calculate change to be returned based on price per liter, quantity purchased, and payment made.
• FizzBuzz Challenge: Output "Fizz" for numbers divisible by 3, "Buzz" for those divisible by 5, and "FizzBuzz" for those divisible by both.
• Cytus Score Classification: Assign score quality based on letters S, A, B, C, D, with S representing excellent performance.