Flowchart Symbols and Logic Gates

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Questions and Answers

Which flowchart symbol is specifically used to represent the start, end, and potential outcomes of a process?

  • Input/Output symbol
  • Process symbol
  • Decision symbol
  • Start/End symbol (correct)

In flowcharting, what is the primary purpose of a decision symbol?

  • To indicate the beginning or end of a process.
  • To represent data that is available for input or output.
  • To represent a process, action, or function.
  • To indicate a point where a decision needs to be made, leading to different paths. (correct)

Which symbol is utilized to connect separate elements of a flowchart across multiple pages?

  • Process symbol
  • Connector symbol
  • Off-Page Connector or Link symbol (correct)
  • Input/Output symbol

What is the role of a 'Comment or Note' symbol in a flowchart?

<p>To add explanations or annotations to specific steps. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an AND gate in digital logic?

<p>To perform logical multiplication of binary inputs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition will an OR gate's output be HIGH (1)?

<p>When any of the inputs is HIGH (1). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term used to refer to a NOT gate?

<p>Inverter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a NOR gate produce a HIGH (1) output?

<p>When all of its inputs are LOW (0). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what input conditions does a NAND gate produce a LOW (0) output?

<p>When all of its inputs are HIGH (1). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition does an XOR gate output a HIGH (1) signal?

<p>When the inputs are dissimilar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key advantage of using logic gates in digital circuits?

<p>High speed data processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the scalability of logic gates contribute to their use in digital systems?

<p>By allowing complex systems to be built through interconnection and replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage related to the complexity of logic gates in digital systems?

<p>Designs become difficult to handle and troubleshoot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

<p>To convert IP addresses to human-readable words (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which IP class is best suited for networks with a large number of hosts?

<p>Class A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of IPv4 that led to the development of IPv6?

<p>Limited address space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of IPv6 addresses?

<p>They use 128-bit addresses displayed in hexadecimal format. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'dual stacking' in the context of IPv4 and IPv6 transition?

<p>Using devices that can operate with both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does IPv6 improve routing efficiency compared to IPv4?

<p>By using a simplified header with fewer fields (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of a firewall?

<p>To monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between 'reject' and 'drop' actions in a firewall's response to network traffic?

<p>'Reject' blocks traffic and sends an 'unreachable error' message, while 'drop' blocks traffic silently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Access Control Lists (ACLs) function in network security before the introduction of firewalls?

<p>They determined network access based on IP addresses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Secure External Access Link (SEAL) firewall developed at DEC?

<p>It was the first commercially available application-layer firewall. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of packet filtering firewalls?

<p>Monitoring traffic based on IP addresses, protocols, and ports. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stateful inspection firewalls improve upon packet filtering firewalls?

<p>By determining the connection state of each packet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of firewall inspects and filters packets at the application layer of the OSI model?

<p>Application layer firewall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Next Generation Firewalls (NGFW)?

<p>They consist of deep Packet Inspection, Application Inspection, and SSL/SSH inspection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant limitation of circuit-level gateway firewalls?

<p>They do not inspect data packets for malware. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a software firewall?

<p>A firewall set up locally or on a cloud server (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using hardware firewalls?

<p>They guarantee malicious data is halted before it reaches the network endpoint. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between cloud firewalls and traditional firewalls?

<p>Cloud firewalls protect a private network from any unwanted access. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant role of firewalls regarding network security?

<p>Serving as a security barrier and single point of contact for a network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key advantage of using a firewall for businesses?

<p>Restricting employee's access to unwanted websites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of relying solely on a firewall for network security?

<p>Limited adaptability to new security threats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can firewalls assist with regulation compliance in certain industries?

<p>By enforcing rules that align with industry standards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of network segmentation using firewalls?

<p>To reduce the attack surface and improve security levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using firewalls?

<p>High setup and maintenance costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might businesses avoid excessive reliance on firewalls alone for security?

<p>They may create a false sense of security, overlooking other critical security measures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a limitation concerning VPN support in some firewalls?

<p>They may not allow complex VPN features (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Process Symbol

Represents a process, action, or function in a flowchart.

Start/End Symbol

Represents the start, end, or potential outcomes in a flowchart path; often contains 'Start' or 'End'.

Document Symbol

Represents input or output specifically related to a document (e.g., report, email).

Decision Symbol

Represents a question that needs a yes/no or true/false answer, branching paths in the flowchart.

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Connector Symbol

Connects separate elements within the same page of a complex flowchart.

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Off-Page Connector

Connects elements across multiple pages in a complex flowchart, often with page numbers.

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Input/Output Symbol

Represents data available for input or output, or resources used/generated in a flowchart.

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Comment/Note Symbol

Adds explanation or comments within a specific range of a flowchart, connected by a dashed line.

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Database Symbol

Represents data housed on a storage service, used for searching and filtering.

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Delay Symbol

Indicates a segment of delay within a process; shows the exact length of the delay.

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OR Symbol

Indicates the process flow continues down two or more paths.

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Display Symbol

Indicates where information is displayed within a process flow.

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Hard Disk Symbol

Indicates data is stored within a hard drive, also known as direct access storage.

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Logic Gate

An electronic circuit that performs logical operations based on inputs to produce a HIGH (1) or LOW (0) output.

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AND Gate

Performs logical multiplication; output is HIGH (1) only if all inputs are HIGH (1).

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OR Gate

Output is HIGH (1) if any input is HIGH (1).

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NOT Gate

Basic logic gate with single input and output; inverts the input.

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NOR Gate

NOR gate takes two or more inputs, gives only one output.

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NAND Gate

Inverts the result of an AND gate, produces high unless both are high.

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XOR Gate

Output is HIGH (1) only when its two inputs are dissimilar. Also called exclusive OR gate.

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Host Name

Your device's name set by the Operating System

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MAC Address

Your device's physical identifier based on its hardware.

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IP Address

Device's/website's logical identifier as seen on your network.

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DNS

Converts IP Addresses to words that can be read by humans.

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Net ID

Part of an IP address given by your Network Provider

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Host ID

Part of IP address set by your router

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Multicast Address

An IP that has the largest scope

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Reserved Address

IPs that have been reserved for experimental purposes

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IPv4

Original Internet addressing system using 32-bit addresses.

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IPv6

Newer Internet Protocol using 128-bit addresses, improving on IPv4.

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Dual Stacking

Allows use of both IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.

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Tunneling

Sends IPv6 data through an IPv4 network.

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Firewall

A network security device monitoring traffic based on a defined set of rules; accepts, rejects, or drops traffic.

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Accept

Allowing the traffic.

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Reject

Block the traffic but reply with an "unreachable error".

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Drop

Block the traffic with no reply

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Packet-filtering

Packet-filtering technology checked external connections before reaching internal networks.

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Circuit-level gateway

A firewall that vetted ongoing connections without reauthorizing each data packet.

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SEAL

The first commercially available application-layer firewall, based on earlier DEC work.

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Packet Filtering Firewall

Monitors outgoing and incoming packets and allowing them to pass or stop based on source and destination IP address, protocols, and ports.

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Stateful Inspection Firewall

Determines the connection state of packet.

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