Questions and Answers
Which control surfaces are electronically controlled by Fly By Wire?
Elevators, rudder, multi-function spoilers (for roll control)
What components operate the Fly-By-Wire electronic control system?
4 X Flight Control Modules (FCM), 3 X Primary Actuator Control Units (P-ACE), 2 X Slat/Flap Actuator Control Electronics (SF-ACE), 1 X Horizontal Stab Actuator Control Electronics (HS-ACE), 3 X Spoiler Actuator Control Electronics (S-ACE)
True or False: The ailerons are fly-by-wire.
False
What are the components of the FBW's dedicated backup system?
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If the FBW system loses normal and emergency electrical power, for how long will the dedicated backup system provide power?
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Which system provides the aircraft attitude and acceleration information to FCMs for AOA-limiting function calculations?
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Which system provides TLA to the FCMs for use in elevator thrust compensation?
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Which system provides wheel speed signals for use in ground spoiler deployment?
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Which system provides autopilot commands?
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Which two modes of operation does the flight control system have?
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How is DIRECT mode triggered, and what conditions are unavailable in DIRECT mode?
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True or False: In Direct mode, the FCM provides software-based airspeed gain schedules and control limits to the P-ACE units.
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True or False: In Normal mode, the FCM provides software-based airspeed gain schedules and control limits to the P-ACE units.
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The following high-level functions are available in normal mode EXCEPT _______.
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True or False: Only the rudder and elevator have elevator thrust compensation function.
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Study Notes
Flight Control Surfaces
- Primary Flight Controls consist of elevators, rudder, and multi-function spoilers for roll control.
- Secondary Flight Controls include flaps, slats, multi-function spoilers (as ground spoilers), and ground spoilers.
- Ailerons utilize a conventional mechanical cable, connecting to Power Control Units (PCUs).
Fly-By-Wire Components
- Four Flight Control Modules (FCM) manage flight control data.
- Three Primary Actuator Control Units (P-ACE) operate primary controls.
- Two Slat/Flap Actuator Control Electronics (SF-ACE) handle slats/flaps.
- One Horizontal Stab Actuator Control Electronics (HS-ACE) is present.
- Three Spoiler Actuator Control Electronics (S-ACE) are also utilized.
Aileron Control
- Ailerons operate via mechanical cables linked to the control wheel and autopilot, not by Fly-By-Wire.
Backup Power System
- A dedicated backup system includes a battery, distribution bus, and circuit breakers.
- This system supplies power to elevator/rudder actuators for up to 15 minutes.
Inertial Reference System
- The Inertial Reference System (IRS) provides aircraft attitude and acceleration data critical for Angle of Attack (AOA) limiting calculations.
Elevator Thrust Compensation
- Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) adjusts elevator deflection based on Thrust Lever Angle (TLA), allowing for a maximum 5-degree delta.
- Essential inputs for elevator thrust compensation calculations include N1, Mach Number, and Pressure Altitude.
Ground Spoiler Deployment
- Wheel speed signals for ground spoiler deployment come from Brake Control Modules (BCMs).
Autopilot System
- The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) is responsible for autopilot command execution.
Flight Control Modes
- Two operational modes exist: NORMAL and DIRECT.
- DIRECT mode activates during failures that disconnect FCMs from P-ACE units or when a guarded button on the Flight Controls Mode panel is pressed.
Characteristics of DIRECT Mode
- In DIRECT mode, flight control deflections appear in AMBER on the Flight Controls Synoptic Page.
- Spoilers, elevators, and rudders operate on default controls set by P-ACE hardware without software-based limits.
- No airspeed gain information is provided to P-ACE units during DIRECT mode.
NORMAL Mode Functions
- In NORMAL mode, FCMs provide software-based airspeed gain scheduling and control limits.
- Available functions include airspeed gain scheduling, auto-thrust compensation, AOA limiting, yaw damper/turn coordination, rudder flight authority, and configuration change compensation.
- Only rudders and elevators feature auto-thrust compensation capabilities.
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Test your knowledge of flight controls with these flashcards. Focus on understanding the primary and secondary flight controls, including electronic systems like Fly By Wire. Prepare for in-depth discussions on the functionalities of various control surfaces.
