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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of subsistence fishing?
What is the primary purpose of subsistence fishing?
Which type of fishing involves the use of modern techniques and equipment?
Which type of fishing involves the use of modern techniques and equipment?
Which of the following is a characteristic of subsistence fishing?
Which of the following is a characteristic of subsistence fishing?
What does aquaculture refer to?
What does aquaculture refer to?
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What is a common challenge faced by subsistence fishermen during the monsoon season?
What is a common challenge faced by subsistence fishermen during the monsoon season?
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Which of the following best describes inland fishing for subsistence?
Which of the following best describes inland fishing for subsistence?
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What is a key difference between subsistence and commercial fishing?
What is a key difference between subsistence and commercial fishing?
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What type of fish is typically caught in the Indus Delta region?
What type of fish is typically caught in the Indus Delta region?
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What is the primary purpose of planting trees along embankments?
What is the primary purpose of planting trees along embankments?
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What is the significance of limes being thrown into the pond?
What is the significance of limes being thrown into the pond?
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Which factor contributes most to the abundance of fish along the Sindh coastline?
Which factor contributes most to the abundance of fish along the Sindh coastline?
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What role does ice play in commercial fishing?
What role does ice play in commercial fishing?
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What type of fishing technique is utilized to quickly catch large amounts of fish?
What type of fishing technique is utilized to quickly catch large amounts of fish?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding fish processing?
Which of the following statements is true regarding fish processing?
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What economic benefit does fish farming provide to local communities?
What economic benefit does fish farming provide to local communities?
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How does the construction of the Makran coastal highway benefit local fishermen?
How does the construction of the Makran coastal highway benefit local fishermen?
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What is one of the primary reasons the majority of the fish catch comes from subsistence fishing?
What is one of the primary reasons the majority of the fish catch comes from subsistence fishing?
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Why is fish considered better than red meat for health?
Why is fish considered better than red meat for health?
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What development has been made to promote fishing along the Makran coast?
What development has been made to promote fishing along the Makran coast?
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How does the presence of mangroves benefit fish populations?
How does the presence of mangroves benefit fish populations?
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What aspect of the Karachi fish market influences fishermen’s operations?
What aspect of the Karachi fish market influences fishermen’s operations?
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What is a primary issue facing the fishing industry along the Makran Coast?
What is a primary issue facing the fishing industry along the Makran Coast?
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How does the level of education among fishermen impact fish production?
How does the level of education among fishermen impact fish production?
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Which of the following contributes to the overfishing problem in the region?
Which of the following contributes to the overfishing problem in the region?
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What measures can be taken to promote sustainable fishing practices?
What measures can be taken to promote sustainable fishing practices?
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What is a consequence of by-catch in commercial fishing?
What is a consequence of by-catch in commercial fishing?
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Which fishing method is least common in Pakistan?
Which fishing method is least common in Pakistan?
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What is one of the main reasons why fish products from Pakistan are banned in the EU?
What is one of the main reasons why fish products from Pakistan are banned in the EU?
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Why is the shortage of potable water a concern for the fishing industry?
Why is the shortage of potable water a concern for the fishing industry?
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Which of the following species is classified as a marine fish in Pakistan?
Which of the following species is classified as a marine fish in Pakistan?
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What is the purpose of using nets with specific size holes in sustainable fishing?
What is the purpose of using nets with specific size holes in sustainable fishing?
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Study Notes
Fishing in Pakistan
- Primary Sector Industry: Fishing is a crucial primary sector industry in Pakistan, providing food and income, particularly for coastal communities.
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Subsistence Fishing: This traditional method targets family needs, using small boats and nets.
- Primarily practiced in Sindh and Baluchistan along the coast.
- Limited by the use of wooden sailboats, which can only travel short distances (5-10 km).
- Fixed fishing times (morning and afternoon).
- Limited catches due to traditional small nets.
- Affected by rough seas during monsoons, requiring alternative work.
- Entire family participates in fishing, cleaning, and processing.
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Commercial Fishing: This large-scale method, using modern equipment, focuses on profit.
- Utilizes motorized boats (40-50 km from coast).
- Refrigeration units allow for extended fishing trips (10-15 days).
- Uses ice from factories for preserving catch.
- Gill nets and sonar are used for efficient catching.
- Weather forecasts aid safe navigation.
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Inland Fishing:
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Subsistence: Practiced in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs (Tarbela/Mangla) for supplemental income. Trout fishing also contributes to sports tourism in northern areas.
- Traditional nets are used.
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Commercial: Rectangular ponds are constructed for efficient fish farming.
- Ponds require flat, soft ground with impermeable soil to control water levels.
- Embankments, shading, and nutrient additions enhance fish growth.
- Paved roads support transportation.
- Fish are treated with vaccinations and supplementary feed.
- Key Inland Fishing Centers: Manchar Lake, Keenjhar Lake, Haleji Lake, Mangla/Tarbela Dams reservoirs, Indus River (Sukkur, Kotri, Thatta).
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Subsistence: Practiced in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs (Tarbela/Mangla) for supplemental income. Trout fishing also contributes to sports tourism in northern areas.
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Marine Fishing:
- Primarily conducted by fishing companies along developed Sindh coast.
- Provides steady income, focusing on large quantities of fish.
- Utilizes modern boats, refrigeration, and ice, enabling sustained fishing.
- Sonar is used to locate fish schools.
- Weather forecasts support safe navigation.
Fishing Distribution & Coastlines
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Sindh Coast Advantages:
- Larger market (Karachi) – lower transport costs for fishermen.
- Indus Delta: larger river and mangroves (breeding grounds and food sources).
- Shallower coast – more sunlight for plankton growth.
- Developed fish harbors (Korangi); storage, processing, export facilities.
- Value Addition: Processing (scaling, gutting, canning) adds value to the catch.
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Makran Coast Improvements:
- Makran Coastal Highway enables transport of catch and equipment.
- More ice factories and a Gwadar fish harbor facilitate commercial fishing.
- Electricity from Iran supports ice factories, reducing post-harvest losses.
- EU inspections improving hygiene standards (sorting).
Fishing Methods
- Fishing with Rods: Common but not professional method used for recreational purposes.
- Fishing with Nets: Dominant method in Pakistan, using gill nets for pelagic species.
- Fishing with Weirs: Traditional method using barriers.
- Matka Fishing: Traditional method using floating pitchers.
- Benthic Fishing: Deep water fishing (less common due to vessel limitations), using gill nets.
Uses of Fish
- Consumption: Canned, salted, frozen, and exported to global markets.
- By-products: Fish guts, scales, and eyes are used for fertilizer and animal feed.
- Exports: Shrimps to the USA, dried and salted fish to the Middle East and Sri Lanka.
- Health Benefits: Rich in Omega 3 fatty acids; benefits for heart health.
Problems in Fishing Industry
- Funding shortages/mismanagement.
- Lack of development on Makran Coast, lagging behind in technology.
- Lack of electricity in many areas, hinder industrial development.
- Low levels of fisherman education impacting modern techniques and processing plant operation.
- Poor communication infrastructure affecting trade.
- Overfishing in overpopulated areas.
- By-catch: fishing of unwanted fish, disrupting ecosystems.
- Unhygienic processing methods: EU bans for canned fish.
Sustainable Fishing Practices
- Ban endangered species.
- Size restrictions and appropriate fishing nets.
- Ban during breeding season.
- Combat illegal fishing (especially for immature fish).
- Quotas to limit fishing efforts.
- Strict patrols for foreign vessels, controlling catches.
Species of Fish
- Various marine and inland fish species are mentioned, including sharks, croakers, skates, drums, catfish, herring, sardines, mackerel, and different types of trout.
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Description
Explore the pivotal role of fishing in Pakistan's economy, encompassing both traditional subsistence and large-scale commercial methods. Discover the practices, challenges, and community involvement in this vital primary sector industry along the coastal regions of Sindh and Baluchistan.
