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First Party System & Antiparty Tradition
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First Party System & Antiparty Tradition

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary focus of the responsible party thesis?

  • Accountability of parties and elected officials (correct)
  • Electoral competition between candidates
  • The diversity of party coalitions
  • Influence of ambitious elites on party structure

    • According to electoral competition theory, what is the defining characteristic of parties?

  • Their role in providing loyalty to office holders
  • The mobilization of activist groups
  • Competition for office (correct)
  • Their ability to aggregate diverse interests

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria for responsible parties?

  • Parties carry out commitments when elected
  • Parties differ enough to provide alternative choices
  • Parties develop alternatives when out of office
  • Parties maintain a consistent ideology (correct)

    • How do ambitious elites influence political parties according to ambition theory?

    <p>They are the primary members shaping party strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge faced by parties as diverse coalitions?

    <p>Difficulty in maintaining unity amongst members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does competition play in a healthy democracy according to the electoral competition model?

    <p>It is essential for the existence of party organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of responsible party thesis, how do parties serve voters?

    <p>By making commitments and fulfilling them when elected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is electoral competition deemed necessary by the rational choice model?

    <p>It drives politicians to leverage parties as vehicles for elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madison believe is the best model of government?

    <p>An extended republic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of representation in Madison's view of an extended republic?

    <p>To filter diverse interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge faced by government according to the content?

    <p>Controlling the governed and itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does the Constitution provide to prevent the concentration of powers in one department?

    <p>Checks and balances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Madison suggest that ambition can help prevent abuses of government?

    <p>By enabling competition among branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue did the framers of the Constitution not foresee as significant?

    <p>The importance of organized political parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of checks and balances in government?

    <p>To prevent the concentration of power in one group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'compound republic' refer to in the context of American government?

    <p>A system where power is divided between federal and state governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madison suggest about the effects of extending the sphere in a republic?

    <p>It introduces a greater variety of interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the danger associated with party factions as mentioned in the content?

    <p>They can lead to the tyranny of the majority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madison indicate as the greatest reflection on human nature?

    <p>The existence of government itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of the extended republic as described?

    <p>It provides a mechanism to protect individual rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant issue was addressed during the First Congress?

    <p>Determining the extent of new federal power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Washington believe about political parties?

    <p>They could lead to divisiveness and factionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do horizontal and vertical divisions of power function in government?

    <p>They provide checks across different levels of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'double security' imply in the context of government?

    <p>Two layers of protection for individual rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic groups are primarily associated with the Democratic Party?

    <p>Urban areas and minority groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to the ideological consistency of parties in recent elections?

    <p>Increased candidate-centered campaigns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the decline of party influence begin?

    <p>Fourth party system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has changed in voter identification trends in recent years?

    <p>Increase in voters expressing no preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with the decline of party influence?

    <p>Emergence of strong party machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region do the Republicans predominantly find their base?

    <p>Southeast and Southwest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of party decline on elections?

    <p>More difficulty in governing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary argument of the party decline thesis?

    <p>Political parties are losing relevance to voters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the goals of the Republican Party in the South during the Post-Reconstruction era?

    <p>To regain competitiveness at a national level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the 1876 Election?

    <p>The Compromise of 1877 led to the withdrawal of federal troops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group took control of southern states after the Compromise of 1877?

    <p>Redeemer Democrats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the initial response of the Federal government to southern resistance during Reconstruction?

    <p>Offering amnesty and passing enforcement acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the rise of Yellow Dog Democrats have on the Democratic Party?

    <p>It created a strong, consistent base of support in the South</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of the southern strategy by Republican delegates from 1880 to 1928?

    <p>Maintaining a minimum level of organization to leverage southern influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributed to the fracturing of the Republican Party during Reconstruction?

    <p>The internal conflict between Radical and Liberal Republicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South?

    <p>As part of the agreement in the Compromise of 1877</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the enduring support for the Democratic Party in the South post-Reconstruction?

    <p>The alienation of southern voters during Reconstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was known for its influence in Republican politics post-Reconstruction?

    <p>Scalawags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    First Party System & Antiparty Tradition

    • The first US Congress dealt with the question of Federal power
    • During the first Congress, members lacked party affiliations and dealt with critical issues such as the Residency Act (1790)
    • During the Reconstruction Era, the Southern resistance to Reconstruction led to the rise of Scalawags and Carpetbaggers, which fueled divisions within the Republican party
    • Southern Democrats maintained a strong hold over the South, even after the Reconstruction Era ended.
    • The 1876 election (Hayes vs Tilden) saw no clear winner in the Electoral College and was settled through the Electoral Commission and Compromise of 1877
    • During the period following the end of Reconstruction (1876), southern delegates continued to hold significant influence within the Republican party, despite the party lacking a competitive presence in the South
    • Republican Party dominance in the third party system is attributed to it having a base in the North, and having been shaped by Radical Republicans who set the agenda
    • Democrats were weakened during this period, as Reconstruction alienated southerners and led to the creation of a strong Democratic base in the South. This resulted in the rise of the Yellow Dog Democrats.

    Fourth Party System and Nationalized Parties

    • The Fourth party system saw a shift in political ideologies, with the Democrats becoming the liberal party and the Republicans becoming the conservative party
    • Democrats dominated the Northeast, Rust Belt, and Western states, while Republicans dominated the South, Southwest, and Great Plains regions.
    • Parties became more ideologically consistent, leading to greater political divides
    • The theory of party decline suggests that parties are becoming less relevant to voters and have lost influence due to factors such as: candidate-centered campaigns, the rise of Political Action Committees (PACs), and progressive reforms
    • Although the theory of party decline states that parties declined in influence during the Fourth Party System, this decline is suggested to have paused during the Great Depression, and resumed again during the Sixth Party System.
    • The theory of Party Decline argues that parties are losing influence: citing the rise of independent voters who are not affiliated with any particular party
    • There is debate whether the trend of party decline is accurate or whether it is simply the case that parties are developing and adapting to political change.

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    Description

    Explore the dynamics of the first US Congress and the evolution of political parties in America. Delve into the impacts of the Reconstruction Era and the complexities of Southern Democrats and the Republican party. Understand the significance of the 1876 election and its aftermath in shaping party affiliation and power struggles.

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