First Law of Thermodynamics Quiz

Laws of Thermodynamics

• The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

First Law of Thermodynamics

• In an isolated system, the total energy remains constant, meaning it is conserved.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

• The second law of thermodynamics summarizes that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time or remains constant in ideal cases.
• Entropy, a measure of randomness or disorder in a system, tends to increase in an isolated system over time.

Efficiency of Heat Engines

• The second law of thermodynamics implies that the efficiency of a heat engine is less than 100%, meaning not all energy can be converted into useful work.

Third Law of Thermodynamics

• The third law of thermodynamics states that as the temperature of a pure, perfectly crystalline substance approaches absolute zero, its entropy approaches zero.
• The temperature at which the entropy of a pure, perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero is 0 K (absolute zero).

Reaching Absolute Zero

• It is impossible to reach absolute zero through any finite number of processes.

Factors Influencing Entropy

• The amount of entropy present in a system at a particular state can be influenced by various factors.

Entropy Change (∆S)

• A positive value of ∆S indicates an increase in the disorder or randomness of a system.

Free Energy (G)

• Free energy (G) is a measure of the energy available to do work in spontaneous reactions.