12 Questions
What is a substance said to be in if it is under a pressure of 1 bar and at the temperature of interest?
Standard state
According to Hess's Law, how is an overall enthalpy change determined?
By taking the sum of the individual enthalpy changes of the steps leading to the overall process
What property is used to determine the direction of spontaneous change in a process according to the text?
Entropy
What is the criterion for spontaneous change based on, as stated in the text?
A combination of enthalpy and entropy changes
In thermochemistry, what does Enthalpy of Formation refer to?
The enthalpy change in the formation of a compound from its elements in their standard states
Which law states that an overall enthalpy change is the sum of the enthalpy changes of individual steps leading to an overall process?
Hess's Law
Which of the following is a state function?
Internal energy
What is the relationship between the internal energy change, heat, and work, as described by the first law of thermodynamics?
$\Delta U = q + w$
What is the definition of enthalpy (H) according to the text?
The internal energy (U) of a system plus the pressure-volume product (PV)
What is the relationship between the heat transferred and the enthalpy change in a constant-pressure process?
$q = \Delta H$
What is the difference between a reversible process and an irreversible process, as described in the text?
A reversible process is accomplished through an infinite number of infinitesimal steps, while an irreversible process is accomplished in one step or a finite series of steps.
Which of the following is the most useful function for describing constant-pressure processes, according to the text?
Enthalpy (H)
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