First and Second New Deal Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) during the First New Deal?

  • To provide job opportunities for urban unemployed individuals on farms.
  • To lower food prices for consumers by subsidizing farm production.
  • To raise crop prices by paying farmers to reduce production. (correct)
  • To increase the production of agricultural goods to meet market demands.

What was the main objective of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) during the New Deal era?

  • To address the need for housing for the poor through rapid construction.
  • To offer job opportunities focused on construction projects in urban centers.
  • To create opportunities for unemployed men through various employment options and provision of housing. (correct)
  • To improve the technology available to the rural poor through new employment options.

Which of the following programs was NOT directly associated with the Second New Deal?

  • Social Security Act
  • Civil Works Administration (CWA) (correct)
  • Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
  • Works Progress Administration (WPA)

What was the primary purpose of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)?

<p>To help states provide direct relief to the needy through soup kitchens and financial support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?

<p>Restoring and improving the Tennessee Valley through dam creation, power stations, and soil improvement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a key success of the New Deal programs?

<p>Restoring faith in the government and providing aid to the needy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main criticism made by Huey Long regarding the New Deal?

<p>that it failed to adequately address the needs of the poor by not redistributing wealth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main criticism of the New Deal from the Republican party?

<p>The programs exceeded their scope, threatening individual liberty and private enterprise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following New Deal agencies focused on providing jobs for skilled workers, with a focus on building public infrastructure such as schools and hospitals?

<p>Public Works Administration (PWA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Supreme Court deem some parts of the New Deal unconstitutional?

<p>They felt it exceeded its constitutional authority in the economy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The New Deal

A series of programs and reforms implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression, aiming to provide economic relief, recovery, and reform.

First New Deal

The first phase of the New Deal, focused on immediate relief and recovery from the Great Depression, with a focus on providing jobs and helping the unemployed.

Alphabet Agencies

A collection of government agencies established during the New Deal, characterized by their names starting with the letters 'C','F', or 'A'.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A program that provided work relief for unemployed men by offering them jobs in various fields, including forestry, conservation, and construction, while providing housing and training.

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Civil Works Administration (CWA)

A program that aimed to provide short-term employment for unskilled workers through the construction of roads, schools, and airports. It faced challenges due to budget issues and was closed in 1934.

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Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

A program that provided direct financial assistance to states to distribute relief to the needy by establishing soup kitchens and offering unemployment support.

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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A program focused on revitalizing the Tennessee Valley by improving soil, creating dams, and constructing power stations to boost electricity supply. This program aimed to provide both economic recovery and social reform for the region.

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Second New Deal

The second phase of the New Deal, which focused on long-term economic recovery and reform, addressing issues such as Social Security and providing wider support for farmers.

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Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

A program that expanded its efforts to assist farmers who were not previously covered in the First New Deal, focusing on helping small and tenant farmers.

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Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A program that aimed to create large-scale employment projects, constructing roads, hospitals, and airports, while also supporting the arts and providing employment opportunities.

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Study Notes

First New Deal

  • Roosevelt's first 100 days included sweeping measures affecting the US economy
  • Banks were checked by government
  • 5,000 banks were allowed to reopen
  • Alphabet Agencies (AAA, CCC, CWA, FERA) implemented programs for relief and recovery
    • AAA: aimed at agricultural reform, rising income, but didn't help farmers or sharecroppers
    • CCC: addressed unemployment, provided housing and food, but had limited success
    • CWA: aided the unskilled unemployed; closed in 1934
    • FERA: helped states and federal governments create jobs; spent on soup kitchens, failing to stop the Great Depression
  • TVA: relief, recovery, and reform in Tennessee Valley, improved soil, dams, and built power stations providing 15,000 jobs
  • Key point: The programs had mixed results, with some showing limited effectiveness in resolving unemployment and economic problems.

Second New Deal

  • Aims to take more radical steps to boost American economy, address societal issues
  • Focused on helping farmers and smallholders through the RA program and other measures
  • Created programs to help the elderly, widows, and disabled, including social security act.
  • Included measures for unemployment insurance and other social welfare provisions

New Deal Failures

  • Divided the USA; concern that FDR was becoming a communist, undermining American values
  • Big businesses remained powerful
  • Labor unions faced suspicion and conflict
  • Financial crises were not immediately solved
  • Economic recovery was slow; high unemployment still existed in 1941

New Deal Successes

  • Restored faith in government, setting a tone for future policies
  • Managed large sums of money without major scandals
  • Provided aid and housing to the impoverished

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