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Questions and Answers
What is a fracture in medical terms?
What is the main difference between a closed fracture and an open fracture?
What type of fracture is commonly seen in children?
What is the term for a fracture that cuts across the bone at right angles to its long axis?
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What is the cause of a fracture that occurs when a person falls on their outstretched hands?
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What type of fracture is characterized by the bone being fragmented into more than two pieces?
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What is the term for a separation of a bone from its normal position in a joint?
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What is the term for a fracture that results from twisting injuries?
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What is a common result of aging and bone disease?
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What type of force can cause fractures in football and skiing accidents?
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What is the primary symptom of fractures?
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What is a common consequence of fractures, leading to severe restriction or use of the affected area?
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What is the first step in treating fractures?
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What type of splint is used to provide stability and immobilize the affected area?
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What should be done to a severely deformed limb before applying a splint?
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What is an important consideration when applying a splint?
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Study Notes
Fractures
- A fracture is any break in a bone, including chips, cracks, splintering, and complete breaks.
- A dislocation is a separation of a bone from its normal position in a joint.
Types of Fractures
- Closed Fracture (Simple fracture): A bone is broken but there is no penetration extending from the fracture through the skin.
- Open Fracture (Compound fracture): A fracture with a wound over the fracture site, with or without bone protruding through it.
- Green stick fracture: A break occurs straight across part of the width of the bone, perpendicular to the long axis, usually in children.
- Transverse Fracture: Cuts across the bone at right angles to its long axis, often caused by direct injury.
- Oblique Fracture: The fracture line crosses the bone at an oblique angle.
- Comminuted Fracture: The bone is fragmented into more than two pieces.
- Impacted Fracture: The broken ends of the bones are jammed together.
- Spiral Fracture: The fracture line has the appearance of a spring, usually resulting from twisting injuries.
Causes of Fractures
- Direct Force: The bone breaks at the spot of application of the force, such as in direct hits or bullet injuries.
- Indirect Force: The bone breaks away from the application of force somewhere else, such as after falling on outside stretched hands.
- Force of powerful muscle actions: Such as violent coughing that can cause rib fractures.
- Aging and bone disease: Can increase the risk of fractures (pathologic fractures), with bones breaking even with minor accidents.
- Twisting forces: Often seen in football and skiing accidents where a person's foot is caught and twisted with enough force to fracture a leg bone.
Signs and Symptoms of Fractures
- Pain: Severe and constant, felt at or near the site of fracture.
- Swelling and discoloration: Begins shortly after injury, with discoloration starting as reddening of the skin.
- Tenderness or Discomfort: Leads to severe restriction or use of the affected area.
- Bone breaking through the skin
- Deformity
General Principles for Treatment of Fractures
- Establish and maintain an open airway
- Control hemorrhage
- Close sucking chest wound
- Begin fluid resuscitation
- Identify and immobilize all fractures
- Immobilization achieved by Splints
Types of Splints
- Improvised splints: Rolled newspaper, wood, strong cartons, cane, ironing board, and any other objects that can provide stability.
- Commercially Available Splints: Rigid splints (padded board, aluminum splint)
- Inflatable splints
- Traction splints
General Principles of Splinting
- Remove clothing from the area of any suspected fracture or dislocation
- Note and record motion and sensation status distal to the site of injury
- The splint should immobilize the joints above and the joints below the fracture
- Minimal movement of the limb should be allowed during splint application
- Severely deformed limb should be straightened with constant gentle manual traction so that the limb can be incorporated into the splint.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of fractures, including their definition, types, and differences from dislocations. It's part of a first aid lecture series by Dr. Jehan Yehia Elrazkey.
