Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a fracture in medical terms?
What is a fracture in medical terms?
What is the main difference between a closed fracture and an open fracture?
What is the main difference between a closed fracture and an open fracture?
What type of fracture is commonly seen in children?
What type of fracture is commonly seen in children?
What is the term for a fracture that cuts across the bone at right angles to its long axis?
What is the term for a fracture that cuts across the bone at right angles to its long axis?
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What is the cause of a fracture that occurs when a person falls on their outstretched hands?
What is the cause of a fracture that occurs when a person falls on their outstretched hands?
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What type of fracture is characterized by the bone being fragmented into more than two pieces?
What type of fracture is characterized by the bone being fragmented into more than two pieces?
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What is the term for a separation of a bone from its normal position in a joint?
What is the term for a separation of a bone from its normal position in a joint?
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What is the term for a fracture that results from twisting injuries?
What is the term for a fracture that results from twisting injuries?
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What is a common result of aging and bone disease?
What is a common result of aging and bone disease?
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What type of force can cause fractures in football and skiing accidents?
What type of force can cause fractures in football and skiing accidents?
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What is the primary symptom of fractures?
What is the primary symptom of fractures?
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What is a common consequence of fractures, leading to severe restriction or use of the affected area?
What is a common consequence of fractures, leading to severe restriction or use of the affected area?
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What is the first step in treating fractures?
What is the first step in treating fractures?
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What type of splint is used to provide stability and immobilize the affected area?
What type of splint is used to provide stability and immobilize the affected area?
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What should be done to a severely deformed limb before applying a splint?
What should be done to a severely deformed limb before applying a splint?
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What is an important consideration when applying a splint?
What is an important consideration when applying a splint?
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Study Notes
Fractures
- A fracture is any break in a bone, including chips, cracks, splintering, and complete breaks.
- A dislocation is a separation of a bone from its normal position in a joint.
Types of Fractures
- Closed Fracture (Simple fracture): A bone is broken but there is no penetration extending from the fracture through the skin.
- Open Fracture (Compound fracture): A fracture with a wound over the fracture site, with or without bone protruding through it.
- Green stick fracture: A break occurs straight across part of the width of the bone, perpendicular to the long axis, usually in children.
- Transverse Fracture: Cuts across the bone at right angles to its long axis, often caused by direct injury.
- Oblique Fracture: The fracture line crosses the bone at an oblique angle.
- Comminuted Fracture: The bone is fragmented into more than two pieces.
- Impacted Fracture: The broken ends of the bones are jammed together.
- Spiral Fracture: The fracture line has the appearance of a spring, usually resulting from twisting injuries.
Causes of Fractures
- Direct Force: The bone breaks at the spot of application of the force, such as in direct hits or bullet injuries.
- Indirect Force: The bone breaks away from the application of force somewhere else, such as after falling on outside stretched hands.
- Force of powerful muscle actions: Such as violent coughing that can cause rib fractures.
- Aging and bone disease: Can increase the risk of fractures (pathologic fractures), with bones breaking even with minor accidents.
- Twisting forces: Often seen in football and skiing accidents where a person's foot is caught and twisted with enough force to fracture a leg bone.
Signs and Symptoms of Fractures
- Pain: Severe and constant, felt at or near the site of fracture.
- Swelling and discoloration: Begins shortly after injury, with discoloration starting as reddening of the skin.
- Tenderness or Discomfort: Leads to severe restriction or use of the affected area.
- Bone breaking through the skin
- Deformity
General Principles for Treatment of Fractures
- Establish and maintain an open airway
- Control hemorrhage
- Close sucking chest wound
- Begin fluid resuscitation
- Identify and immobilize all fractures
- Immobilization achieved by Splints
Types of Splints
- Improvised splints: Rolled newspaper, wood, strong cartons, cane, ironing board, and any other objects that can provide stability.
- Commercially Available Splints: Rigid splints (padded board, aluminum splint)
- Inflatable splints
- Traction splints
General Principles of Splinting
- Remove clothing from the area of any suspected fracture or dislocation
- Note and record motion and sensation status distal to the site of injury
- The splint should immobilize the joints above and the joints below the fracture
- Minimal movement of the limb should be allowed during splint application
- Severely deformed limb should be straightened with constant gentle manual traction so that the limb can be incorporated into the splint.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of fractures, including their definition, types, and differences from dislocations. It's part of a first aid lecture series by Dr. Jehan Yehia Elrazkey.
