First Aid Basics

First Aid

• Stroke: Symptoms include facial drooping, weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, and possible headache.
• FAST: A mnemonic for stroke recognition: F-Face, A-Arms, S-Speech, T-Time.
• Choking (Adult): Never put fingers in the mouth. Perform abdominal thrusts (closed fist, thumb on abdomen, quick inward and upward thrusts).
• Choking (Infant): Start with five back blows, followed by five chest thrusts, repeating until the object is dislodged or CPR is needed.
• CPR: Perform on a hard, flat surface. Remove clothing and place hands in the center of the chest. Push hard and fast at a rate of 100-120 beats per minute. A 30:2 compression-to-breath ratio is standard.
• AED: Turn on the AED. Follow the prompts. Apply pads to patient's right chest and left side. Yell "CLEAR" three times before shocking.
• Nose Bleeds: Pinch the nose and tilt the head forward to prevent blood entering the stomach.

Health Topics

• SMART Goals: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.
• Skill Mastery: Explain, demonstrate, practice with guidance, personalize.
• Health Skills: Accessing information, analyzing influences, goal setting, decision making, interpersonal communication, self-management, advocacy.
• Health Influences: Heredity is the least controllable influence. Internal influences are thoughts, feelings. External influences come from outside the body.
• Reliable Information Sources: Prioritize websites ending in .edu or .gov. Evaluate the expertise of information providers. Be wary of sources with potential alternative motives (e.g., selling products).

Decision Making

• Problem Solving Steps: Define the problem and desired outcome, brainstorm solutions, evaluate advantages and disadvantages of each solution, select the best solution, implement the solution.
• Decision Checklist: Align with values, ensure safety and health, adhere to rules, demonstrate respect, be realistic.

Stress and Depression

• Stress Management: Physical activity can help reduce stress.
• Depression Support: Don't leave a friend alone showing signs of depression. Help them get professional support if needed. Help them through their issues. Identify if emotional reactions are disproportionate to life events, seek support.
• Stressors: Positive stressors have positive outcomes. Negative stressors have negative outcomes.

Nutrition

• Dietary Guidelines: Provide information on healthy foods and disease prevention.
• Weight Management: Increasing physical activity without increasing food intake generally leads to weight loss.
• MyPlate.gov: Provides guidance on daily calorie intake, food group recommendations, and physical activity needs.
• Dietary Goals: Avoid skipping meals.
• Nutritional Balance: Aim for 5% unhealthy ingredients and 20% healthy ingredients.
• Food Labeling: Nutritional information is per serving. Total amount depends on the number of servings.
• Food Groups: Five major food groups.
• Body Composition: 60% of the body is water.
• Nutrients: Carbohydrate, Fats, Water, Vitamins, Minerals, Proteins.
• Food Label Information: All information is per serving; multiply for the entire package. The calorie count, on the label, is based on a 2.000 calories diet.
• Sodium: Known as salt; Folic Acid helps with red blood cell production; Iron aids oxygen transport; Dietary fiber reduces blood cholesterol.

Tobacco/Alcohol

• Vaping: Not a safe alternative to smoking.
• Alcohol and Driving: Impairs reaction time.
• Tobacco Advertising: Designed to portray tobacco use as appealing.
• Drinking and Driving: The leading cause of motor vehicle deaths.

Abuse/Bullying

• Abuse Cycle: Green (everything is ok), yellow (escalating aggression), red (explosion, harm).
• Sexual Harassment: Illegal.
• Bullying: Can be non-verbal.