First 20 Elements Quiz

First 20 Elements

• Hydrogen (H), atomic number 1; Helium (He), atomic number 2
• Lithium (Li), atomic number 3; Beryllium (Be), atomic number 4
• Boron (B), atomic number 5; Carbon (C), atomic number 6
• Nitrogen (N), atomic number 7; Oxygen (O), atomic number 8
• Fluorine (F), atomic number 9; Neon (Ne), atomic number 10
• Sodium (Na), atomic number 11; Magnesium (Mg), atomic number 12
• Aluminum (Al), atomic number 13; Silicon (Si), atomic number 14
• Phosphorus (P), atomic number 15; Sulfur (S), atomic number 16
• Chlorine (Cl), atomic number 17; Argon (Ar), atomic number 18
• Potassium (K), atomic number 19; Calcium (Ca), atomic number 20

Introduction to Chemistry

• Chemistry is known as the central science, focusing on the study of matter.
• Pure substances consist of elements and compounds.
• Inorganic elements include all except carbon; however, exceptions are CO2, CO, CO3^-2, and CO^-1.

Types of Elements

• Elements are the simplest forms of matter.
• Types include:
  • Metals: Found in groups IA-IIIA and all transition metals (B groups)
  • Non-metals: Located in groups VA-VIIA
  • Metalloids: Group IVA
  • Inert Gases: Noble gases that are stable without needing other elements.

Matter

• Matter occupies space and has mass.
• Types of matter:
  • Pure Substances: Composed of only one type of atom or molecule; further divided into elements and compounds.
  • Mixtures: Combinations of pure compounds.

Pure Substances

• Made solely from one type of atom or molecule.

Types of Compounds

• Compounds consist of two or more different elements chemically joined.
• Types include:
  • Acids: Formed from hydrogen (H) and a negative radical; characterized by having "acid" in their name.
  • Bases: Formed from metals and hydroxides (OH).
  • Oxides: Composed of non-metals with oxygen (non-metallic) or metals with oxygen (metallic).
  • Salts: Result from the combination of metals and non-metals (often ending in "ide").

Mixtures

• Mixtures result from the combination of pure compounds.
• Types of mixtures:
  • Heterogeneous: Distinguishable phases, includes suspensions and coarse substances.
  • Homogeneous: Uniform in phase; includes solutions and colloids.

Types of Homogeneous Mixtures

• Solutions: Composed of solute and solvent where the solvent is always in greater amount.

Types of Solutions

• Solid system: Solid solvent can include solid dissolving in solid, liquid in solid, or gas in solid.
• Liquid system: Liquid solvent can encompass solid in liquid, liquid in liquid, or gas in liquid.
• Gaseous system: Gas solvent can involve solid in gas, liquid in gas, or gas in gas.

Relationship to Other Sciences

• Chemistry is interconnected with various disciplines including:
  • Biology
  • Plant science
  • Environmental science
  • Geology
  • Astronomy
  • Physics
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Medicine and allied health sciences
  • Biochemistry