18 Questions
What endogenous ligand would make the firefly’s tail glow yellow?
Endorphins
What is the threshold dose of morphine for this firefly?
25 mg
If fentanyl is 100 times more potent than morphine, what dose of fentanyl is needed to make the firefly’s tail glow yellow at 50% brightness?
0.15 mg
After building tolerance to opioids by taking morphine twice a day for a month, what brightness will the firefly's tail glow at with a 15 mg dose of morphine?
Under 50%
When the firefly takes a 15 mg dose of naloxone, at what brightness does its tail glow?
0%
After taking acetaminophen for a month, what percentage brightness will the firefly's tail glow at when given 25 mg of morphine?
Less than 50%
What will happen if a mu-opioid receptor partial agonist is given to the special firefly species?
It will glow yellow
What is the mechanism of action of an opioid overdose reversal agent?
Blocking opioid receptors
What aspect of morphine's characteristics is indicated by its therapeutic index?
Its safety margin
Which type of drug would directly activate the mu-opioid receptor?
Mu-opioid receptor partial agonist
How would a special firefly species react if given morphine, based on the text?
It will not glow at all
Why are mu-opioid receptor antagonists considered important in opioid overdose situations?
To block the effects of opioids and reverse an overdose
What is the therapeutic index (Lethal Dose/ Effective Dose) for morphine?
100
Which of the following is an example of a mu-opioid receptor partial agonist?
Buprenorphine
What happens to the special firefly's glow when given a dose of morphine under 5mg?
It does not glow at all
What physical and psychological symptoms occur when use of an addictive substance is discontinued?
Withdrawal
Which agent can be used to reverse an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
Which type of receptor is the mu-opioid receptor?
G-coupled protein receptor
Test your knowledge on the effects of opioids on a firefly's glowing tail and the concept of tolerance. Identify the endogenous ligand that makes the firefly's tail glow yellow and determine the threshold dose of morphine for the firefly. Challenge yourself with questions related to fentanyl's potency compared to morphine.
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