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Study Notes
- Residential occupancies are most dangerous when residents are sleeping.
- Smoke alarms and detectors have reduced deaths in residential properties.
- Convergence cluster behavior is a phenomenon where guests seek refuge in a room other than their own during a fire.
- One- and two-family dwellings account for a large part of the fire problem and have a high number of fires.
- Apartment buildings have a larger concentration of people and require a larger staffing commitment for searches.
- Personal items are of great value in both one- and two-family dwellings and apartment buildings.
- Exposure problems are more likely in large apartment complexes.
- High-rise residential properties require specific tactics.
- College and university dormitory housing is supervised and has a specified level of safety.
- Off-campus housing for college students can be dangerous due to increased occupant load and older residential properties.
- Sprinkler protection is required in dormitories, fraternities, and sororities, but many remain unprotected.
- Alcohol consumption is a factor in fatal campus fires, with high blood alcohol levels in many victims.
- Smoke alarms were missing or tampered with in 58% of fatal campus fires.
- Fire sprinklers were not present in any of the 85 fatal campus fires.
- 94% of fatal campus fires occur in off-campus housing.
- Hotels and motels have limited fire apparatus access and occupants may be disoriented during evacuation.
- Large mercantile occupancies present special challenges for search and rescue techniques.
- Life safety is critical in mercantile occupancies during times of peak occupancy.
- Property loss is typically the largest problem facing fire forces in mercantile occupancies.
- Large undivided spaces in mercantile occupancies require team searches and a substantial rate of flow for extinguishment.
- sing 2½-in. (64-mm) hose lines or master streams as initial attack hose lines inside large stores.
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