Ch 13 pg 365-368 cellar nozzles and distributors

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Questions and Answers

What is a key factor that contributes to the effectiveness of cellar nozzles?

Replacing traditional water sources with foam solutions.

Training all team members in SCBA use.

The speed of the initial fire response team.

Using them as soon as the need is recognized. (correct)

What is a disadvantage of cellar nozzles mentioned in the content?

They instantly extinguish fires without prior prep work.

They require extensive training to operate safely.

They can only be deployed in outdoor environments.

The time it takes to set up (correct)

What must be done before water can be started with cellar nozzles?

Retrieve and connect them to a water source, and cut a hole. (correct)

Conduct a thorough assessment of the surrounding environment.

Establish an evacuation plan for nearby structures.

Ensure all firefighters are equipped with personal protective gear.

Why might time be underestimated when preparing to use cellar nozzles?

The steps to deploy them involve multiple procedures. Signup and view all the answers

In what situation are cellar nozzles typically considered for use?

After exhausting all practical alternatives like ventilation. Signup and view all the answers

What specific hazard is most directly associated with basement garages?

Vapors of motor vehicles are heavier than air and are waiting to ignite Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemicals is commonly stored in basement garages that can pose a hazard?

Lawn chemicals Signup and view all the answers

How do basement garages primarily increase safety hazards?

By creating an environment for vehicle emissions to linger Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical hazard of basement garages?

Risks from livestock or pet storage Signup and view all the answers

What common precaution should be taken in basement garages to mitigate hazards?

Storing chemicals in tightly sealed containers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for placing revolving nozzles like the Bresnan distributor directly over the fire?

Limited range (15-20ft) Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow rate of the 21½-inch Bresnan distributor when supplied with water at 100 psi?

500 gpm Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum effective radius of the Bresnan distributor?

15-20 ft Signup and view all the answers

What is one critical operational consideration when using the Bresnan distributor?

Obstructions must be avoided to maximize reach Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of the revolving nozzle allows for circular water distribution without human guidance?

The mechanism of revolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using cellar nozzles and Bresnan distributors in firefighting?

To combat heavy fires when entry is challenging Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary precaution when operating a cellar nozzle in a fire situation?

Monitor for signs of impending floor collapse. Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended procedure for using a hoseline down a coal chute?

Using a standard fog nozzle set on a 30° fog pattern and starting at lower pressure Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to stretch a protective handline into the first-floor location when using a cellar nozzle?

To protect firefighters while they access and operate the nozzle. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant limitation of cellar pipes like Baker pipes when used for firefighting?

They can only operate in a single direction at a time. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the nozzle reaches the end of a confining chute during firefighting efforts?

It begins to oscillate, spraying water erratically Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant risk associated with using cellar pipes during a fire?

There is a risk of floor collapse in the area. Signup and view all the answers

What factor must be considered regarding the structural integrity of the first floor when using a cellar nozzle?

The fire may have weakened the supporting members over time. Signup and view all the answers

Why should firefighters exercise caution when using cellar nozzles?

Attempting to save a building that is likely beyond recovery may lead to injuries Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when dealing with a building that is considered doomed during firefighting?

Minimizing the chance of firefighter injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential hazard when operating a cellar nozzle that firefighters should be aware of?

Firefighters may be operating over an unseen body of fire. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of cellar pipes regarding their operational reach?

They can reach fires up to 50ft away. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration when assessing the use of different types of cellar nozzles?

Knowing the specific capabilities and limitations of each nozzle type is vital. Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical flow rates for the tips of cellar pipes?

265 gpm for a single tip and 420 gpm for opposing tips. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action to take immediately after the nozzle is clear when lowering a fire hose?

Start the water Signup and view all the answers

When using a cellar nozzle, what flow rate can it achieve at 50 psi?

500 gallons per minute Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to keep an eye on the floor joists when water is being lowered?

To prevent structural damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of placing a gate valve 50 feet in front of the nozzle?

To control water flow and prevent floor caving Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using cellar nozzles during a below-grade fire?

To darken down the fire rather than extinguish it. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the cellar nozzle has not achieved knockdown within about one minute?

Relocate the nozzle or add more water to the fight. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of battling below-grade fires, what should be done after the cellar nozzles have served their purpose?

Shut them down and advance the handlines if conditions allow. Signup and view all the answers

What can be done if the initial cellar nozzle is ineffective and an additional is available?

Cut another hole for the additional nozzle and use multiple vantage points. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended monitoring aspect for the effectiveness of cellar nozzles?

They may need to be relocated multiple times. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basement Garages

Basement garages pose hazards due to the storage of vehicles, gasoline, and lawn chemicals.

Cellar Nozzles and Distributors

Cellar nozzles are last-resort devices for applying water when entry is impractical.
Their usage has decreased due to advancements in SCBA, power saws, and high-expansion foam.
Effectiveness is time-sensitive; should be deployed quickly after an interior attack fails.
Upon recognizing the need, conditions must allow for swift operation to save the structure.
Typically require connection to a 2½-inch line, and a 10x10 inch hole must be cut for operation.
If not achieving knockdown within one minute, the nozzle may need repositioning or additional water.

Fire Management Tactics

After cellar nozzles serve their purpose, hands-on lines should be utilized for extinguishing the fire.
If a second cellar nozzle is available, it can be placed through an additional cut to aid in fire suppression.

Utility of Cellar Pipes and Distributors

Cellar pipes and Bresnan distributors are effective in heavy-fire situations when direct access is obstructed.
An approach through a coal chute can utilize a fog nozzle to disperse water at varying pressures for fire knockdown.

Challenges with Cellar Nozzles

Application occurs in hot, smoky environments, necessitating protective handlines for safety.
The structural integrity of the first floor is a critical concern due to potential collapse from the fire’s impact.
Operations must be closely monitored for signs of impending floor failure, applying extreme caution.

Cellar Pipes Operation

Only provide water in one or two directions, requiring personnel to rotate streams continuously for effectiveness.
Reach can exceed 50 feet, allowing potential knockdown from safer locations.
Typically utilize either a single 1⅛-inch tip or two 1-inch opposing tips, which flow at 265 and 420 gpm.

Revolving Nozzles

Bresnan distributor has a limited operational radius of 15-20 feet and must be positioned directly above the fire.
The 21½-inch Bresnan can flow around 500 gpm when supplied at 100 psi.
Continuous staffing is unnecessary, as these nozzles distribute water in a circular pattern.

Fire Hose Operations in Cellars

Water flow control is critical; start water mid-way to monitor the floor joists during operation.
Use a gate valve 50 feet from the nozzle to manage water flow and protect structural integrity.
Campion to use brass or aluminum hoses for connection to avoid complications during firefighting efforts.
Cellar nozzles can reach up to 500 gallons per minute; careful management is essential to ensure safety.

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Description

This quiz focuses on crucial fire management tactics, particularly relating to cellar nozzles and their application in hazardous environments like basement garages. It covers their effectiveness, required operations, and subsequent steps for successful fire suppression. Test your knowledge on the best practices for utilizing these important tools in fire emergencies.