Ch 13 pg 365-368 cellar nozzles and distributors
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Questions and Answers

What is a key factor that contributes to the effectiveness of cellar nozzles?

  • Replacing traditional water sources with foam solutions.
  • Training all team members in SCBA use.
  • The speed of the initial fire response team.
  • Using them as soon as the need is recognized. (correct)

    • What is a disadvantage of cellar nozzles mentioned in the content?

  • They instantly extinguish fires without prior prep work.
  • They require extensive training to operate safely.
  • They can only be deployed in outdoor environments.
  • The time it takes to set up (correct)

    • What must be done before water can be started with cellar nozzles?

  • Retrieve and connect them to a water source, and cut a hole. (correct)
  • Conduct a thorough assessment of the surrounding environment.
  • Establish an evacuation plan for nearby structures.
  • Ensure all firefighters are equipped with personal protective gear.

    • Why might time be underestimated when preparing to use cellar nozzles?

    <p>The steps to deploy them involve multiple procedures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation are cellar nozzles typically considered for use?

    <p>After exhausting all practical alternatives like ventilation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific hazard is most directly associated with basement garages?

    <p>Vapors of motor vehicles are heavier than air and are waiting to ignite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following chemicals is commonly stored in basement garages that can pose a hazard?

    <p>Lawn chemicals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do basement garages primarily increase safety hazards?

    <p>By creating an environment for vehicle emissions to linger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical hazard of basement garages?

    <p>Risks from livestock or pet storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common precaution should be taken in basement garages to mitigate hazards?

    <p>Storing chemicals in tightly sealed containers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for placing revolving nozzles like the Bresnan distributor directly over the fire?

    <p>Limited range (15-20ft) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flow rate of the 21½-inch Bresnan distributor when supplied with water at 100 psi?

    <p>500 gpm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum effective radius of the Bresnan distributor?

    <p>15-20 ft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one critical operational consideration when using the Bresnan distributor?

    <p>Obstructions must be avoided to maximize reach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of the revolving nozzle allows for circular water distribution without human guidance?

    <p>The mechanism of revolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using cellar nozzles and Bresnan distributors in firefighting?

    <p>To combat heavy fires when entry is challenging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary precaution when operating a cellar nozzle in a fire situation?

    <p>Monitor for signs of impending floor collapse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended procedure for using a hoseline down a coal chute?

    <p>Using a standard fog nozzle set on a 30° fog pattern and starting at lower pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to stretch a protective handline into the first-floor location when using a cellar nozzle?

    <p>To protect firefighters while they access and operate the nozzle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation of cellar pipes like Baker pipes when used for firefighting?

    <p>They can only operate in a single direction at a time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the nozzle reaches the end of a confining chute during firefighting efforts?

    <p>It begins to oscillate, spraying water erratically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant risk associated with using cellar pipes during a fire?

    <p>There is a risk of floor collapse in the area. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor must be considered regarding the structural integrity of the first floor when using a cellar nozzle?

    <p>The fire may have weakened the supporting members over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should firefighters exercise caution when using cellar nozzles?

    <p>Attempting to save a building that is likely beyond recovery may lead to injuries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized when dealing with a building that is considered doomed during firefighting?

    <p>Minimizing the chance of firefighter injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential hazard when operating a cellar nozzle that firefighters should be aware of?

    <p>Firefighters may be operating over an unseen body of fire. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of cellar pipes regarding their operational reach?

    <p>They can reach fires up to 50ft away. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when assessing the use of different types of cellar nozzles?

    <p>Knowing the specific capabilities and limitations of each nozzle type is vital. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical flow rates for the tips of cellar pipes?

    <p>265 gpm for a single tip and 420 gpm for opposing tips. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action to take immediately after the nozzle is clear when lowering a fire hose?

    <p>Start the water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using a cellar nozzle, what flow rate can it achieve at 50 psi?

    <p>500 gallons per minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to keep an eye on the floor joists when water is being lowered?

    <p>To prevent structural damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of placing a gate valve 50 feet in front of the nozzle?

    <p>To control water flow and prevent floor caving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using cellar nozzles during a below-grade fire?

    <p>To darken down the fire rather than extinguish it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the cellar nozzle has not achieved knockdown within about one minute?

    <p>Relocate the nozzle or add more water to the fight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of battling below-grade fires, what should be done after the cellar nozzles have served their purpose?

    <p>Shut them down and advance the handlines if conditions allow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done if the initial cellar nozzle is ineffective and an additional is available?

    <p>Cut another hole for the additional nozzle and use multiple vantage points. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended monitoring aspect for the effectiveness of cellar nozzles?

    <p>They may need to be relocated multiple times. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When operating a cellar nozzle, place a gate valve ___ length of hose (__ft) behind the nozzle

    <p>One 50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Basement Garage Hazards

    Basement garages pose risks due to stored vehicles, gasoline, and chemicals.

    Cellar Nozzles

    Last-resort devices for water application in inaccessible cellars

    Cellar Nozzle Use Decline

    Less used due to modern firefighting tools (SCBA, saws, foam).

    Cellar Nozzle Deployment Time

    Quick deployment needed, after interior attack fails.

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    Cellar Nozzle Connection

    Requires a 2½-inch line and a 10x10 inch hole.

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    Cellar Nozzle Repositioning

    May be needed if knockdown isn't achieved within a minute.

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    Follow-Up after Cellar Nozzle

    Use handlines to extinguish fire after nozzle activation.

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    Multiple Cellar Nozzles

    Can be used together for more effective fire suppression.

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    Cellar Pipes/Distributors

    Effective in heavy fires with limited access.

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    Cellar Nozzle Environmental Risks

    Hot, smoky conditions require protective equipment (handlines).

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    Structural Integrity Concern

    First floor structural integrity is critical during cellar nozzle operations.

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    Floor Failure Monitoring

    Closely monitor for signs of structural failure.

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    Water Stream Direction

    Limit water streams to one or two directions, requiring personnel rotation for optimal results.

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    Cellar Nozzle Reach

    Cellar nozzles can reach up to 50 feet.

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    Cellar Nozzle Water Flow Tips

    Cellar nozzles use either a single 1⅛-inch tip or two 1-inch opposing tips.

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    Single 1⅛-inch Nozzle Flow

    Flows approximately 265 gpm.

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    Two 1-inch Nozzle Flow

    Flows approximately 420 gpm.

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    Bresnan Distributor Radius

    Limited operating range, typically within 15-20 feet, must be positioned directly above the fire.

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    Bresnan Distributor Flow Rate

    21½-inch Bresnan can deliver around 500 gpm at 100 psi pressure.

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    Continuous Staffing of Bresnan Distributor

    Not necessary as water distribution is circular.

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    Water Flow Control in Cellars

    Start water flow mid-way to monitor floor joists; use gate valve 50 feet from the nozzle.

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    Water Hose Material

    Use brass or aluminum hoses for cellar water delivery to avoid complications.

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    Cellar Nozzle Maximum Flow Rate

    Cellar nozzles can deliver up to 500 gallons per minute.

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    Study Notes

    Basement Garages

    • Basement garages pose hazards due to the storage of vehicles, gasoline, and lawn chemicals.

    Cellar Nozzles and Distributors

    • Cellar nozzles are last-resort devices for applying water when entry is impractical.
    • Their usage has decreased due to advancements in SCBA, power saws, and high-expansion foam.
    • Effectiveness is time-sensitive; should be deployed quickly after an interior attack fails.
    • Upon recognizing the need, conditions must allow for swift operation to save the structure.
    • Typically require connection to a 2½-inch line, and a 10x10 inch hole must be cut for operation.
    • If not achieving knockdown within one minute, the nozzle may need repositioning or additional water.

    Fire Management Tactics

    • After cellar nozzles serve their purpose, hands-on lines should be utilized for extinguishing the fire.
    • If a second cellar nozzle is available, it can be placed through an additional cut to aid in fire suppression.

    Utility of Cellar Pipes and Distributors

    • Cellar pipes and Bresnan distributors are effective in heavy-fire situations when direct access is obstructed.
    • An approach through a coal chute can utilize a fog nozzle to disperse water at varying pressures for fire knockdown.

    Challenges with Cellar Nozzles

    • Application occurs in hot, smoky environments, necessitating protective handlines for safety.
    • The structural integrity of the first floor is a critical concern due to potential collapse from the fire’s impact.
    • Operations must be closely monitored for signs of impending floor failure, applying extreme caution.

    Cellar Pipes Operation

    • Only provide water in one or two directions, requiring personnel to rotate streams continuously for effectiveness.
    • Reach can exceed 50 feet, allowing potential knockdown from safer locations.
    • Typically utilize either a single 1⅛-inch tip or two 1-inch opposing tips, which flow at 265 and 420 gpm.

    Revolving Nozzles

    • Bresnan distributor has a limited operational radius of 15-20 feet and must be positioned directly above the fire.
    • The 21½-inch Bresnan can flow around 500 gpm when supplied at 100 psi.
    • Continuous staffing is unnecessary, as these nozzles distribute water in a circular pattern.

    Fire Hose Operations in Cellars

    • Water flow control is critical; start water mid-way to monitor the floor joists during operation.
    • Use a gate valve 50 feet from the nozzle to manage water flow and protect structural integrity.
    • Campion to use brass or aluminum hoses for connection to avoid complications during firefighting efforts.
    • Cellar nozzles can reach up to 500 gallons per minute; careful management is essential to ensure safety.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on crucial fire management tactics, particularly relating to cellar nozzles and their application in hazardous environments like basement garages. It covers their effectiveness, required operations, and subsequent steps for successful fire suppression. Test your knowledge on the best practices for utilizing these important tools in fire emergencies.

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