48 Questions
The output of a finite automaton is either ______ or reject.
accept
After reading each symbol, M1 moves from one state to another along the transition that has that symbol as its ______.
label
The output is accept if M1 is now in an ______ state and reject if it is not.
accept
M1 accepts any string that ends with a ______.
1
It accepts strings that end with an even number of ______ following the last 1.
0s
A finite automaton has a set of ______ and a set of rules for going from one state to another.
states
A finite automaton has an ______ alphabet that indicates the allowed input symbols.
input
We used ______ diagrams to introduce finite automata in the preceding section.
state
A finite automaton has a ______ state and a set of accept states.
start
A finite automaton is defined as a ______ consisting of five parts.
5-tuple
The language of machine M is written as L(______) = A.
M
Machine M ______ the language A if it accepts all strings in A.
recognizes
A good way to begin understanding any machine is to try it on some ______ input strings.
sample
Machine M2 accepts all strings that end in a ______.
1
Machine M3 is similar to M2 except for the location of the ______ state.
accept
The term recognize is preferred for languages to avoid confusion with machines accepting ______.
strings
To understand how computers work we use an idealized ______ called a computational model.
computer
Finite automata are good ______ for computers with an extremely limited amount of memory.
models
The ______ diagram of M1 has three states, labeled q1, q2, and q3.
state
The ______ state, q1, is indicated by the arrow pointing at it from nowhere.
start
The ______ state, q2, is the one with a double circle.
accept
The arrows going from one state to another are called ______.
transitions
Finite automata are used in speech processing and in ______ character recognition.
optical
Markov chains have been used to model and predict price changes in ______ markets.
financial
Match the following finite automaton components with their definitions:
States = A set of rules for going from one state to another Input alphabet = Indicates the allowed input symbols Transition rules = A set of states accept state = Produces an output of accept when in this state
Match the following finite automaton characteristics with their descriptions:
Accepts strings ending with a 1 = Machine M1's characteristic Accepts strings with an even number of 0s following the last 1 = Machine M1's characteristic Rejects strings with an odd number of 0s following the last 1 = Not a characteristic of Machine M1 Never accepts any strings = Not a characteristic of Machine M1
Match the following terms with their descriptions related to finite automata:
Finite automaton = A computational model with a set of states and rules for transitioning between them State diagram = A visual representation of a finite automaton Input string = A sequence of symbols processed by a finite automaton Computational model = A simplified representation of a computer system
Match the components of a finite automaton with their descriptions:
Set of states = A list of all possible states the machine can be in Input alphabet = A list of allowed input symbols Rules for moving = Instructions for transitioning between states Start state = The initial state of the machine
Match the terms related to finite automata with their meanings:
Accept state = A state that indicates acceptance of a string Recognize = To determine whether a string is in a language Language of machine = The set of strings accepted by a machine 5-tuple = A way to define a finite automaton
Match the following finite automaton concepts with their explanations:
Formal definition = A detailed description of a finite automaton's components and rules State transition = Moving from one state to another based on an input symbol Input symbol = A single character from the input alphabet Accept state = A state that produces an output of accept
Match the machine characteristics with their properties:
Machine M1 = Accepts strings that end with a specific symbol Machine M2 = Accepts strings that end with a 1 Machine M3 = Similar to M2 except for the location of the accept state Finite automaton = Has a set of states and a set of rules for moving
Match the following terms with their descriptions related to finite automata:
Recognize = To accept all strings in a language Language = A set of strings accepted by a finite automaton computational model = A simplified representation of a computer system Finite automaton = A model with a set of states and rules for transitioning between them
Match the following finite automaton components with their representations:
States = Circles in the state diagram Transitions = Arrows between states in the state diagram Input alphabet = Letters or symbols in the input string Accept states = Double circles in the state diagram
Match the concepts related to understanding finite automata with their descriptions:
Sample input strings = Used to experiment and understand a machine's functioning Transition diagram = A visual representation of a machine's states and transitions Start state = The initial state of a machine Accept state = A state that indicates acceptance of a string
Match the concepts related to finite automata with their applications:
Finite automata = Used in speech processing and character recognition Markov chains = Used to model and predict price changes in financial markets Computational model = An idealized representation of how computers work
Match the following finite automaton applications with their descriptions:
Speech processing = Using finite automata to analyze and understand spoken language Character recognition = Using finite automata to identify and classify characters Computational model = A simplified representation of a computer system Financial modeling = Not a typical application of finite automata
Match the components of a machine with their descriptions:
Arrows = Indicate transitions between states Double circle = Represents an accept state Arrow pointing at q1 = Indicates the start state States = Represent possible conditions of a machine
Match the following finite automaton concepts with their explanations:
Start state = The initial state of a finite automaton Accept state = A state that produces an output of accept Transition = Moving from one state to another based on an input symbol Input symbol = A single character from the input alphabet
Match the terms related to machine behavior with their meanings:
Reject = To not accept a string Accept = To recognize a string as part of a language Recognize = To determine whether a string is in a language Language = A set of strings accepted by a machine
Match the machine properties with their descriptions:
Machine M2 = Accepts strings that end in a 1 Machine M3 = Similar to M2 except for the location of the accept state Finite automaton = Has a set of states and a set of rules for moving Language of machine = The set of strings accepted by a machine
Match the following components of a finite automaton with their descriptions:
Start state = Indicated by an arrow pointing at it from nowhere Accept state = The one with a double circle Transition = A move from one state to another based on an input symbol State = A position in the finite automaton
Match the following terms related to finite automata with their meanings:
Finite automaton = A computational model with extremely limited memory State diagram = A visual representation of a finite automaton Transition arrow = An arrow going from one state to another Accept string = A string that ends in an accept state
Match the following applications of finite automata with their descriptions:
Speech processing = Using finite automata to analyze spoken language Optical character recognition = Using finite automata to identify text in images Financial modeling = Using Markov chains to predict price changes in financial markets Electromechanical devices = Using finite automata to control devices with limited memory
Match the following concepts related to computational models with their descriptions:
Computational model = An idealized representation of a computer Finite automaton = A simple computational model with limited memory Idealized computer = A theoretical representation of a computer Mathematical theory = A formal description of a computational model
Match the following components of a finite automaton with their representations:
Start state = Arrow pointing at it from nowhere Accept state = Double circle Transition = Arrow between states State = Circle or node
Match the following terms related to finite automata with their meanings:
State = A position in the finite automaton Transition = A move from one state to another Finite automaton = A computational model with limited memory Model = A theoretical representation of a computer
Match the following applications of Markov chains with their descriptions:
Financial modeling = Predicting price changes in financial markets Speech processing = Analyzing spoken language Optical character recognition = Identifying text in images Electromechanical devices = Controlling devices with limited memory
Match the following concepts related to finite automata with their descriptions:
Mathematical theory = A formal description of a computational model Finite automaton = A simple computational model with limited memory Computational model = An idealized representation of a computer Idealized computer = A theoretical representation of a computer
Study Notes
Finite Automata
- A finite automaton is a simple computational model that processes input strings and produces an output of either "accept" or "reject".
- The automaton processes the input string one symbol at a time from left to right, moving from one state to another based on the current state and input symbol.
- The output is "accept" if the automaton ends in an accept state, and "reject" otherwise.
Example of Finite Automaton M1
- M1 is a finite automaton with three states: q1, q2, and q3.
- The start state is q1, indicated by an arrow pointing to it.
- The accept state is q2, marked with a double circle.
- M1 accepts strings that end with a 1, and strings that end with an even number of 0s following the last 1.
Formal Definition of a Finite Automaton
- A finite automaton is a 5-tuple consisting of:
- A set of states
- An input alphabet
- Rules for moving from one state to another
- A start state
- A set of accept states
Language of a Machine
- If A is the set of all strings that a machine M accepts, then A is the language of machine M, denoted as L(M) = A.
- A machine recognizes a language, and may accept several strings within that language.
Understanding a Machine
- A good way to understand a machine is to try it on sample input strings to see how it works.
- By experimenting with different input strings, the machine's method of functioning often becomes apparent.
Finite Automaton
- A finite automaton is a machine that processes an input string and produces an output of either "accept" or "reject".
- The processing begins in the start state, and the automaton receives the input symbols one by one from left to right.
- After reading each symbol, the automaton moves from one state to another along the transition labeled with that symbol.
Formal Definition of a Finite Automation
- A finite automaton has a set of states, a set of rules for moving from one state to another, an input alphabet, a start state, and a set of accept states.
- A finite automaton is defined as a 5-tuple consisting of these five parts.
Language of a Machine
- If A is the set of all strings that a machine M accepts, then A is the language of machine M, denoted as L(M) = A.
- A machine M recognizes a language A, or accepts A.
- A machine may accept several strings, but it always recognizes only one language.
Understanding a Machine
- A good way to understand a machine is to try it on some sample input strings to see how it works.
- By experimenting with sample strings, the machine's method of functioning often becomes apparent.
Finite Automaton M1
- Machine M1 accepts strings that end with a 1, and strings that end with an even number of 0s following the last 1.
- M1 has three states: q1, q2, and q3, with q1 as the start state and q2 as an accept state.
Finite Automaton M2
- Machine M2 accepts all strings that end in a 1, denoted as L(M2) = {w | w ends in a 1}.
Theory of Computation
- The theory of computation begins with the question of what a computer is, and uses idealized models to understand how computers work.
- Finite automata are used as models for computers with extremely limited memory.
Applications of Finite Automata
- Finite automata are used in speech processing, optical character recognition, and modeling and predicting price changes in financial markets.
- They are found at the heart of various electromechanical devices.
Understanding the processing of input strings in a finite automaton, including the movement between states and the output of accept or reject.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
