Fine Arts and Ritual Objects

Chapter 1: Introduction

• In ancient hierarchical societies, artisans and performers generally had low status, belonging to the "labor" class that was ruled; therefore, painting, sculpture, music, dance, and other arts were mostly classified as "mechanical arts," also known as slave arts.
• The modern concept of "fine arts" originated in Europe, dating back to the Renaissance.

Key Figures and Works

• French scholar Charles Batteux proposed the idea that the crafts and talents of artisans are equal to the "free arts" pursued by "free men" in Les Beaux Arts réduits à un même principe.
• The ancient Egyptian pyramids, ancient Greek temples, Gothic cathedrals, Chinese bronzes from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Tang Dynasty court paintings, and Buddhist sculptures all exhibit splendor.
• Ritual objects used by ancient nobles in major ceremonies such as sacrifices to heaven, ancestral rites, weddings, and funerals were called yiqi, which are also known as ritual vessels.
• In Confucian ideals, there's a relationship between the ruler and the people. In the relationship, the literati ideal centered on "mountains and waters," influences both the court and society through art.
• The landscape represents the spirit of the universe.
• In ancient China, Su Shi, despite being demoted and frustrated, could still enjoy nature's beauty.
• Su Shi's poem, "Do not hear the rain beating against the trees," shows that literati art is both an aesthetic experience and a way of life.
• Huizhou residential houses, Su-style snacks, the folk art of Shaanxi steamed buns, Kitchen God images, and lion dances indicate that the art of life is not limited to the refined styles of literati but also encompasses the lifestyles of all social strata.
• In the new era, with people's growing life demands, art plays an increasingly significant role and has become a driving force for social progress.
• It is incorrect to state that "art can completely replace technological advancements as the core driver of social development."
• Art can participate in urban renewal and rural construction.
• Art can enhance the attractiveness of countries and regions.
• Art can enhance the supply of public culture and enhance the sense of happiness for residents in the community.
• When all categories of art gather in time, it mainly happens during festivals and market days.
• If a festival has a fixed time, the Spring Festival is the biggest holder of time, and can accommodate the richest cultural activities and artistic expressions
• During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, nobles use nine tripods; this showed the tripod quantity.
• The quantity of items is related to the social hierarchy.
• The cultural atmosphere of "families of scholars" is evident everywhere from village ancestral halls, Kui Xing pavilions, temples, academies, and the residences of gentry and wealthy merchants to the patterns of "plum blossoms, orchids, bamboo, and chrysanthemums," "fishermen, woodcutters, farmers, and scholars," "Qilin bringing sons," "Five Sons climbing the platform," and "Immediate ennoblement on horseback" in village buildings and various folk crafts.
• The cultural traditions are a sign of social status trickling down into the population.
• In ancient China, literati used poetry and painting to advise rulers, critique current affairs, or petition on behalf of the people.
• In Europe, the Enlightenment movement in the 18th century promoted reason and challenged religion and authority.
• As art gains a more independent status, no longer belonging to the ruling class and its ideology, art's cognitive and educational functions become more critical.
• The ancients called excessive amusement "licentiousness," which should be avoided unless it is key to whether the pleasure of enjoyment is not contrary to morals and does not disrupt peoples ability to function

Kant, Aesthetics and Art History

• Immanuel Kant, distinguishes high and low enjoyment, stating that high enjoyment should not be associated with individual interests.
• Archeology, cultural relic study and museology and art history exists for the reconstruction of ancient life from relic fragments.
• In ancient times, when death was regarded as life's essential component, a culture of funerals was formed in which rituals and burials were central.
• The main component is the funeral and burial ceremonies.
• China examined and approved the accession to the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage during the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
• Museums and the Arts
• The expression "museion" in ancient Greek refers to "the throne of the Muses", a place for philosophical thoughts; it is the starting place for all Museums.
• Historical collection and public display of systematic are common traits in museums.
• A subset of museums devoted to art, sometimes known as art museums, hold, display, and exhibit works of art.
• The main purpose of a museum (at the very least) is to collect, exhibit, investigate, teach the general public and create cultural derivative products.
• Arts-oriented development in the Village
• Developing artistic programs and cultural activities is one aspect of art building.
• The promotion of cultural development is another aspect.
• In ancient China, "labor" (physical labor) and "mental labor" (intellectual labor) were divided according to social class.
• European academics in the Middle Ages allocated all facets of industrial activity and life to "labor.".
• The widespread acceptance of the concept of "fine art" failed to lift the status of "intellectual work" to the same level as manual labor.
• Artisan's painters and sculptors were nonetheless categorized as "labor" far into the 18th century, even beyond the formation of fine art academies.
• "Mental Work or the Activity of the Mind" has come to be employed to represent education, humanistic values, and art.
• Most researchers divide historical Chinese art into: Court, faith-based, literate, and regional.
• The "wrinkled, porous, thin, and see-through" aesthetic of Taihu stones satisfies literati aesthetic criteria, retaining a strong feeling of folk art.
• The "longevity" pattern on Taihu stones expresses a desire to live a long and wonderful life and contains representations of symbols and their place

Aesthetic Properties

• The aesthetic is met as a form of respect and good feelings or vibes is expressed.
• All aesthetic experiences do not qualify as art.
• Art institutions include: academic research and the writing and production of books, disciplines and educational settings, industries, occupations, and lifestyles.
• New subject directory embodies a devotion to traditional Chinese art.
• Works at both public and private levels are necessary for singing and enjoyment.
• Important shows are frequently produced.

Artwork Production

• In most cases, tangible tangible products are used to refer to finished commodities.
• There are several aspects of the statement regarding "artworks" that are incorrect.
• The importance of art depends on the way the market sets rates.
• The kinds of products in material culture are at the very least relics of the past and the old.
• The "Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage" (ACH) makes distinctions based on cultural anthropology and allocates art into a large categories.
• Performing arts, classic crafts, social activities and oral stories are among the largest.
• A Free Art Activity in China.
• Artistic expression depends on physical skill, such as painting, sculpting, music, dance, or play.
• Developments in the area of scientific and technological arts (including images and technological skill).
• New forms of media art, such as images, computer artwork, and electronic music, have arisen with the rise of recent media.
• A new respect for physical expertise and artistic expression and the equal advancement of visual and mechanical artwork during the era of high tech and cultural maintenance.
• Industrial design aligns with current production and uses the power of creative skill, so human needs can be integrated effectively.
• The style is inclusive and covers all areas of daily life and culture.
• The common types of jobs for musicians who resided in earlier eras include leisure, a career as an employee or wanderer, and side employment.
• Different are the "self interests" of the common interest group people and the well-educated folks in particular.
• One is more associated with communal satisfaction.

Chapter 2: Art and Aesthetics

• The author names is Baugarten and the field of study is aesthetics. Art that focuses on the beauty and class of aesthetic principles can be traced back to the society stage.
• Lord Shaftesbury was essential for the transmission amid the discussion of grandeur and taste. Aesthetic based on sense knowledge is also well known as art of "experience".
• The "creative spirit" in an exposition of beauty and taste constitutes the original content.
• Addison and Hutcheson, that has the same connotations to what Lord Shaftesbury and Hach explained in "internal emotion", is a strength that includes the number of a emotion.
• The important place is that an amount isn't stated with distinctness. In nineteenth-century esthetics, it is not easy to identify the feeling or excitement that causes a paintings and a dish of ice-cream.
• The key element in this particular exposition is that there is no method available to like it.
• Both genius philosophy and play are dedicated to separate the community from labor. In their 1931 book, A Short History Of Art, the British researchers E.H. Gombrich stated.
• Hogarth wrote of Beauty, Analysis of the Beautiful: Hogarth's "line of elegance."