FS 1 difficile aperto

The allowance method estimates the amount of uncollectible accounts to be matched to related revenues, based on historical experience. It serves to reflect a more accurate accounts receivable balance on the financial statements.

Depreciation is the process of allocating the cost of a fixed asset over its useful life. It is recorded as an expense and a decrease in the asset's value on the financial statements.

When inventories are sold, their carrying amount is recognized as an expense in the period when the related revenue is recognized. This recognition is determined by the matching principle.

<p>Impairing an asset is required if its net book value is higher than the recoverable value, resulting in an extraordinary loss of value expense. The purpose is to accurately reflect the decreased value of the asset on the financial statements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amortization applies to intangible assets such as patents and copyrights, which are rights or claims to expected benefits and tend to be contractual in nature. It is the process of allocating the cost of an intangible asset over its useful life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main financial statements are the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. The balance sheet includes assets, liabilities, and owner's equity; the income statement includes revenues, expenses, and net income; and the statement of cash flows shows cash inflows and outflows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The auditor's report is a compliance report issued by independent auditors who verify a company's financial records.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The OIC sets accounting principles and standards for small national businesses in Italy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The notes to the consolidated financial statements provide important context for the numbers in the financial statements and are based on institutional frameworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) sets international accounting standards (IFRS) to ensure comparability across companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An annual report is a comprehensive financial document that reports on a company's activities throughout the past year. It is intended to give shareholders and other interested parties information about the company's activities and financial performance. The annual report is typically larger than the financial statements, with some reports reaching 600 pages or more. It is required for listed companies, but not for family-owned businesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The length of an annual report is often indicative of the complexity of the company. More complex companies tend to have longer annual reports, with some reaching 600 pages or more. The level of detail provided in the report can vary based on the company's complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most jurisdictions require companies to prepare and disclose annual reports to provide transparency and accountability to shareholders and other stakeholders. The reports are intended to offer insight into the company's financial performance and activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listed companies are required to publish annual reports to provide transparency and information to potential investors and the public. In contrast, family-owned businesses are not obligated to publish annual reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary recipients of annual reports are shareholders, who seek information about the company's financial performance and activities. Other interested parties, such as potential investors, also use the reports to gain insight into the company's operations and financial health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The methods for allocating depreciable value to the periods of an asset's useful life include the straight-line method, units-of-production method, and declining balance method. The straight-line method evenly allocates the depreciable value over the useful life. The units-of-production method allocates based on the asset's usage, and the declining balance method applies higher depreciation in the earlier periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-monetary and monetary assets are evaluated based on cost and fair value. Accounts receivables are valued at their net realizable value, while inventories are evaluated at the lower of cost (FIFO, LIFO, weighted average, specific identification) or market price. Fixed assets (tangible and intangible) are evaluated at their depreciated or amortized cost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depreciation and amortization for intangible assets are measured based on the depreciable cost and estimated useful life. Depreciable cost is typically the total cost of the asset, and the estimated useful life is an estimate of how long the asset will be useful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accounting treatment of intangible assets is similar to that of tangible assets, with acquisition costs including the cost of purchase, fair value in a contribution in kind, and capitalized cost in case of capitalization of operating expenses. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consolidation in intercorporate investment occurs when an investor has control over an investee company, typically with over 50% ownership. In this case, the investor must prepare consolidated financial statements to present the financial position and performance of the investor and its subsidiaries as a single economic entity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accrual principle recognizes revenues when goods or services are delivered, regardless of when cash flows occur. Liquidity, which indicates the ability to meet long-term obligations with pure cash, is linked to profitability through the accrual principle because it ensures that the company can cover its obligations with actual cash, not just assets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The balance sheet is typically organized into two sections, except in the UK where it's organized into one. It provides investors with information about a firm's financial obligations, investments, debt, and assets, allowing them to assess the company's financial position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assets and liabilities are classified based on liquidity and activity-related criteria. Liquidity categorizes assets and liabilities into short-term (current) and long-term (non-current), while the activity-related criterion categorizes them based on their relation to the core business or non-operating activities, such as investing and financing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The typical income statement presentation includes multiple steps. The first step calculates the gross profit as the difference between revenues and cost of goods sold. The second step calculates the contribution margin by subtracting advertising and promotional costs from the gross profit. The third step shows the operating result (operating profit) obtained by subtracting all overheads from the contribution margin, representing the company's earnings from core operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High advertising and promotional costs impact a company's gross profit, as they are subtracted from the gross profit to calculate the contribution margin. This affects the company's ability to cover overhead costs and ultimately impacts its operating profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operating income excludes interest expenses and other financing costs, focusing solely on the core operating activities of the business. Profit before tax, on the other hand, includes all revenues and expenses, including financing and funding decisions impact, before accounting for income tax expense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key components of a cash flow statement are cash flows from operations, investing, and financing activities. These components help investors assess a company's ability to generate cash from its core business operations, its efficiency in using and generating cash, and its financing and investment decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification of cash flows into operations, investing, and financing activities provides insight into the sources and uses of a company's cash. Positive cash flow from operations indicates a healthy core business, while negative cash flow from investing reflects investment in long-lived assets. Cash flow from financing activities involves getting cash or repaying debts, providing insight into the company's financing decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IFRS serve as a global language for business accounts, ensuring consistency and comparability across international markets. However, managers can exercise discretion in applying accounting principles within the framework of IFRS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monetary assets are those with fixed or determinable values in currency, while non-monetary assets have values that are not fixed or determinable. Different valuation rules apply to each type: monetary assets are valued at their current market value, while non-monetary assets are valued at historical cost or fair market value, depending on the specific asset.</p> Signup and view all the answers