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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of fixed assets?
What is the primary characteristic of fixed assets?
What is the main purpose of a budget?
What is the main purpose of a budget?
What type of liabilities must be paid within a short period of time?
What type of liabilities must be paid within a short period of time?
What is an example of a type of income?
What is an example of a type of income?
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What is the purpose of advertising expenses in a business?
What is the purpose of advertising expenses in a business?
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What is a characteristic of long-term savings?
What is a characteristic of long-term savings?
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What is the primary function of accounting in a business?
What is the primary function of accounting in a business?
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What is the term for the money invested in a business to get it up and running?
What is the term for the money invested in a business to get it up and running?
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What is the money that the entrepreneur/owner already owns and intends using to start the business called?
What is the money that the entrepreneur/owner already owns and intends using to start the business called?
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What is the purpose of loans in a business?
What is the purpose of loans in a business?
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What is anything that adds value to a business called?
What is anything that adds value to a business called?
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Why is it necessary for an entrepreneur to have access to capital when starting a business?
Why is it necessary for an entrepreneur to have access to capital when starting a business?
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Study Notes
Financial Literacy
- Financial literacy is the ability to understand and apply different financial skills effectively.
Accounting
- Accounting is the process of record keeping, interpretation, and communication of economic/financial information.
- It provides information about a business's finances.
- It helps a business keep track of all present and past financial activities.
Capital
- Capital is the money invested in a business or used to get it up and running.
- Sources of capital include own (equity) capital and borrowed (foreign) capital.
Own (Equity) Capital
- Own capital is money that the entrepreneur/owner already owns and intends to use to start the business.
- This can be the owner's own savings or inherited money.
Borrowed (Foreign) Capital
- Borrowed capital is money borrowed from banks, financial institutions, family, or friends.
- Loans must be repaid with interest.
Assets
- Assets are anything that adds value to a business.
- Assets increase the wealth of a business.
- They can be money or items of value that the business owns.
Fixed Assets
- Fixed assets are items that are purchased and used in the normal course of business.
- They have a lifespan of more than 1 year and are not purchased with the intention of reselling.
- Examples include land, buildings, vehicles, and equipment.
Current Assets
- Current assets are expected to be converted into cash within 1 year or are assets whose value fluctuates within the period of 1 year.
- Examples include inventory, receivables, and cash.
Liabilities
- Liabilities are the money a business owes to other people or businesses.
- Liabilities are also known as debt and must be paid.
- Liabilities shrink or reduce the wealth of a business.
Long-term Liabilities
- Long-term liabilities are loans that need to be repaid over a long period of time.
Short-term Liabilities
- Short-term liabilities are debts that need to be repaid within a short period of time, such as creditors and overdraft facilities.
Income and Expenses
- Income is the money a business receives or earns on a regular basis.
- Income can be generated through operating activities, financing, and investment activities.
Types of Income
- Examples of income include interest on savings, rent income, services rendered, sales, rental income, interest earned, and discounts/rebates.
Expenditure
- Expenses are costs incurred by a business to generate income.
- Examples of expenses include telephone bills, water and electricity, wages and salaries, rent expense, stationery, advertising, and repairs and packaging materials.
Accounting Concepts
Budgets
- A budget is an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.
- A budget is a plan to ensure income is spent wisely.
- It identifies and defines financial goals and manages money.
- Following a practical budget can help develop better financial habits, relieve emotional stress, and achieve financial goals.
Seven Keys to an Effective Budget
- Identify and develop personal goals
- Evaluate and record current trends in income and expenses
- Determine priorities
- Develop a timeline for the month
- Keep it simple
- Be flexible
- Review
Savings
- There are two types of savings: short-term and long-term savings.
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Description
Test your understanding of financial literacy and accounting principles, including record keeping, financial information, and business finance.
