Financial Accounting Chapter 1
48 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the three basic activities of accounting?

  • Analyzes, records, and evaluates
  • Identifies, records, and communicates (correct)
  • Collects, stores, and reports
  • Identifies, stores, and reports

Which user is most concerned with whether the company earned satisfactory income?

  • Investors (correct)
  • Taxing Authorities
  • Management
  • Human Resources

What is the fundamental reason ethics is a crucial concept in accounting?

  • To avoid legal penalties
  • To increase revenue
  • To maintain the integrity of financial reporting (correct)
  • To ensure accurate data entry

Which assumption states that a business's financial statements are prepared using consistent currency?

<p>Monetary unit assumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What equation summarizes the relationship among a business's assets, liabilities, and equity?

<p>Assets = Liabilities + Equity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is primarily responsible for deciding whether to eliminate any product lines?

<p>Management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the detailed record-keeping part of the accounting process?

<p>Bookkeeping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of internal users of accounting data?

<p>Customers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle dictates that companies must record assets at their original cost?

<p>Cost principle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the activities of two separate businesses are combined?

<p>It would violate the economic entity assumption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a corporation?

<p>An organization with ownership divided into shares. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are liabilities in the context of the basic accounting equation?

<p>Claims against assets or debts owed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the basic accounting equation illustrate?

<p>The financial position of a business at a specific point in time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption states that a business's activities should be accounted for separately from its owners?

<p>Economic entity assumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If fair value exceeds cost, what does the cost principle dictate?

<p>The asset should continue to be recorded at cost. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an asset?

<p>Accounts payable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the basic accounting equation express?

<p>Assets equal liabilities plus equity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the accounting equation represents an ownership claim on total assets?

<p>Equity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of revenue?

<p>Service performed for payment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dividends affect retained earnings?

<p>They decrease retained earnings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transactions would decrease equity?

<p>Payment of rent expense (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be an effect of recording a service revenue transaction?

<p>Increase in assets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Net income will result during a time period when:

<p>Revenues exceed expenses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as an expense?

<p>Dividends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would represent a dual effect on the accounting equation?

<p>Selling inventory increases assets and increases revenues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following financial statements is prepared as of a specific date?

<p>Statement of financial position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ending balance in retained earnings is necessary for preparing which financial statement?

<p>Statement of financial position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many financial statements are typically prepared by companies?

<p>Four. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between which two financial statements is essential for preparing the statement of cash flows?

<p>Balance sheet and income statement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT required to determine the net income of a company?

<p>Assets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the income statement?

<p>It reports revenues and expenses over a period. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a private accounting role?

<p>Cost accountant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the monetary unit assumption require?

<p>To include only transaction data that can be expressed in money terms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a form of business ownership where the owner has unlimited liability?

<p>Proprietorship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a corporation as a form of business ownership?

<p>Stockholders enjoy limited liability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about partnerships is true?

<p>Partners share profits and losses according to a partnership agreement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the economic entity assumption?

<p>It prevents mixing business and personal records. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps in the accounting process?

<p>Identification, recording, and communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about external users is false?

<p>Company officers are considered external users. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of a proprietorship?

<p>Personal liability for business debts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do revenues represent in the context of an entity's operations?

<p>Inflows or enhancements of assets from various activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which standard does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act pertain to for U.S. publicly traded companies?

<p>Internal control standards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential benefit of having a single set of high-quality international accounting standards?

<p>Improved alignment in mergers and acquisitions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does IFRS differ from GAAP in terms of its approach?

<p>More principles-based than GAAP. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is not a fundamental element of accounting as defined by the IASB and FASB?

<p>Inflation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the definition of expenses?

<p>Using up of assets from major operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about GAAP is false?

<p>It promotes fewer differences in accounting for similar transactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the push for improved accounting standards, what remains uncertain regarding the IASB?

<p>If they will adopt SOX-like internal controls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Accounting definition

Identifying, recording, and communicating economic events of an organization to interested users.

Accounting users (internal)

Stakeholders within a company, like management, marketing, and finance.

Accounting users (external)

Stakeholders outside a company, including investors, taxing authorities, creditors, and customers.

Accounting process

Includes bookkeeping to identify, record, and communicate financial information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Internal Accounting Users Question

Questions that internal users ask about the company's financial resources or the ability to support employee pay raises.

Signup and view all the flashcards

External Accounting Users Questions

Questions about company performance like whether the income was satisfactory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Financial Resources

Financial aspects of a company that are used to answer questions about the company's performance or ability to conduct business.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Accounting Equation

A fundamental accounting principle stating that Assets = Liabilities + Equity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Monetary Unit Assumption

Only record transactions that can be expressed in monetary terms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Economic Entity Assumption

Keep business activities separate from owner and other entities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proprietorship

Business owned by one person.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Partnership

Business owned by two or more people.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corporation

Business recognized as a separate legal entity, with owners having limited liability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Accounting Process Steps

Identification, Recording, and Communication of financial information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

External Users (Common)

Investors and creditors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Limited Liability (Corporations)

Owners are not personally responsible for business debts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IASB

The International Accounting Standards Board is the primary accounting standard-setting body outside the United States.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cost Principle

The cost principle states that companies record assets at their initial cost. This cost remains the basis for accounting even if the asset's fair value changes over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Violating the Economic Entity Assumption

Combining the business activities of two companies, like Kellogg and General Mills, would violate the economic entity assumption because they are separate legal entities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Assets

Assets are resources owned by a business that provide future benefits. They include things like cash, inventory, and equipment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liabilities

Liabilities are obligations or debts owed by a company to outside parties. They include things like accounts payable and notes payable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the accounting equation?

The accounting equation expresses the relationship between a company's assets, liabilities, and equity: Assets = Liabilities + Equity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are assets?

Assets are resources owned by a business that have a future economic benefit, like cash, equipment, or buildings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are liabilities?

Liabilities are obligations of a business to outsiders, like loans or amounts owed to suppliers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is equity?

Equity represents the owners' claim on the assets of the business, after deducting liabilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are revenues?

Revenues are the income generated from the ordinary activities of a business, such as selling goods or providing services.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are expenses?

Expenses are the costs incurred in generating revenue, like salaries, rent, or utilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are dividends?

Dividends are distributions of profits to shareholders, reducing retained earnings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do transactions impact the accounting equation?

Every transaction affects the accounting equation in a double-entry system, maintaining the balance between assets, liabilities, and equity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Financial Statements

Four primary reports that summarize a company's financial performance and position: Income Statement, Retained Earnings Statement, Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet), and Statement of Cash Flows.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Income Statement

Reports a company's revenues, expenses, and net income or loss for a specific period.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Retained Earnings Statement

Shows the changes in a company's retained earnings balance over a specific period.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet)

Reports a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Statement of Cash Flows

Reports the cash inflows and outflows of a company during a specific period.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does 'Net Income' represent?

Net income results when revenues exceed expenses during a time period.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are financial statements related?

They are interconnected, with information from one statement used to prepare the others. For example, net income from the Income Statement is used in the Retained Earnings Statement, which then is used in the Balance Sheet.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Which financial statement is prepared as of a specific date?

The Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) reports information as of a specific point in time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Revenue

Inflows or enhancements of assets (or settling liabilities) from delivering goods, services, or activities central to a company's operations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expense

Outflows or using up of assets (or incurring liabilities) from delivering goods, services, or activities central to a company's operations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the core accounting elements influenced by the IASB and FASB conceptual framework?

The core accounting elements are assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, and expenses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why are international accounting standards beneficial?

A single set of high-quality international accounting standards simplifies mergers & acquisitions, strengthens global financial markets, and helps multinational corporations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does Sarbanes-Oxley Act regulate?

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act sets internal control standards for publicly traded companies in the United States.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does IFRS differ from GAAP?

IFRS is considered more principles-based, focusing on the reasoning behind accounting choices, while GAAP is more rules-based, providing specific instructions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the cost principle?

The cost principle states that assets are recorded at their initial purchase price, even if their value changes later.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the economic entity assumption?

The economic entity assumption requires businesses to keep their financial records separate from their owners' personal finances and other businesses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Book Information

  • Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso
  • Financial Accounting
  • IFRS Edition (2e)
  • Prepared by Coby Harmon, University of California, Santa Barbara

Chapter 1: Accounting in Action

  • Learning Objectives:
    • Explain what accounting is.
    • Identify the users and uses of accounting.
    • Understand why ethics is a fundamental business concept.
    • Explain accounting standards and the measurement principles.
    • Explain the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption.
    • State the accounting equation, and define its components.
    • Analyze the effects of business transactions on the accounting equation.
    • Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.

What is Accounting?

  • Accounting consists of three basic activities:
    • Identifying economic events (transactions).
    • Recording, classifying, and summarizing.
    • Communicating to interested users.
  • The accounting process includes bookkeeping.

Who Uses Accounting Data?

  • Internal Users: Finance, Marketing, Management, Human Resources
  • External Users: Taxing Authorities, Labor Unions, Customers, Investors, Creditors, Regulatory Agencies

Common Questions Asked (Internal/External Users):

  • Can we afford to give our employees a pay raise? (Human Resources)
  • Did the company earn a satisfactory income? (Investors)
  • Should any product lines be eliminated? (Management)
  • Is cash sufficient to pay dividends to shareholders? (Finance)
  • What price for our product will maximize net income? (Marketing)
  • Will the company be able to pay its debts? (Creditors)

Ethics in Financial Reporting

  • Standards of conduct judging actions as right or wrong, honest or dishonest, fair or unfair.
  • Recent scandals: Enron (USA), Parmalat (ITA), Satyam Computer Services (IND), AIG (USA), and others.
  • Sound ethical behavior is crucial for effective financial reporting.
  • Steps in analyzing ethical situations:
    • Recognizing an ethical situation and issues.
    • Identifying and analyzing stakeholders, responsibilities, and obligations.
    • Identifying alternatives and evaluating impact on various stakeholders.

Accounting Standards

  • International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (http://www.iasb.org/)
  • International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
  • Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (http://www.fasb.org/)
  • Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

Measurement Principles

  • Cost Principle: Companies record assets at their cost.
  • Fair Value Principle: Assets and liabilities should be reported at fair value (price received to sell).

Monetary Unit Assumption

  • Accounting records include only transaction data expressed in monetary terms.

Economic Entity Assumption

  • Entity's activities are kept separate from its owner and other economic entities.
    • Proprietorship
    • Partnership
    • Corporation

Forms of Business Ownership

  • Proprietorship: Owned by one person. Small, service-type businesses.
  • Partnership: Owned by two or more people. Often retail or service-type businesses.
    • Generally unlimited personal liability.
  • Corporation: Ownership divided into shares. Legal entity. Limited liability.

Basic Accounting Equation

  • Assets = Liabilities + Equity
  • Provides a framework for tracking economic events. Applies to all entities.
  • Assets: Resources owned by a business; provide future services/benefits. (e.g., cash, inventory, equipment)
  • Liabilities: Claims against assets (debts/obligations), owed to creditors. (e.g., accounts payable, notes payable)
  • Equity: Owner's claim on total assets (residual equity).
    • Increases: Investments by shareholders, Revenues
    • Decreases: Dividends to shareholders, Expenses

Transaction Analysis

  • Events recorded as a business's economic events. May be internal or external. Not all activities are transactions. Each transaction has a dual effect on the accounting equation.

Financial Statements

  • Four main statements:

    • Income Statement
    • Retained Earnings Statement
    • Statement of Financial Position
    • Statement of Cash Flows

  • Net income (revenues > expenses).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Chapter 1 Accounting in Action PDF

Description

Dive into the fundamentals of accounting with Chapter 1 of the IFRS edition of Financial Accounting. This quiz covers key concepts including the accounting equation, ethical considerations in accounting, and the users and uses of accounting. Test your understanding of financial statements and the accounting process.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser