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Questions and Answers
How many modules are available under the FOUNDATION level of NCFM certification?
How many modules are available under the FOUNDATION level of NCFM certification?
Candidates securing 80% or more marks in NSDL-Depository Operations Module will be certified as 'Trainers'.
Candidates securing 80% or more marks in NSDL-Depository Operations Module will be certified as 'Trainers'.
False
What is the mission of NSE Academy?
What is the mission of NSE Academy?
Spreading financial literacy for all
NSE Academy has facilitated more than 41.8 lakh individuals become financially smarter through various initiatives, improving the financial well-being of people at large in ____________.
NSE Academy has facilitated more than 41.8 lakh individuals become financially smarter through various initiatives, improving the financial well-being of people at large in ____________.
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What is the underlying objective of portfolio management?
What is the underlying objective of portfolio management?
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Who are the main types of investors in the market?
Who are the main types of investors in the market?
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Mutual funds pool investors' money and invest according to pre-specified parameters.
Mutual funds pool investors' money and invest according to pre-specified parameters.
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Pension funds are created to manage the retirement funds of ___ employees.
Pension funds are created to manage the retirement funds of ___ employees.
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What is the fourth market known for?
What is the fourth market known for?
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In the secondary market, what are orders?
In the secondary market, what are orders?
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_____ Price/Order requires the price to be specified while entering the order into the system.
_____ Price/Order requires the price to be specified while entering the order into the system.
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Market Price/Order is based on the constraint of time, rather than price.
Market Price/Order is based on the constraint of time, rather than price.
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What happens when the market price of a security reaches the threshold price for a Stop Loss order?
What happens when the market price of a security reaches the threshold price for a Stop Loss order?
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What are the types of investors discussed in Chapter 1?
What are the types of investors discussed in Chapter 1?
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Which constraints are mentioned in Chapter 1?
Which constraints are mentioned in Chapter 1?
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What are the goals of investors according to Chapter 1?
What are the goals of investors according to Chapter 1?
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What are the types of markets discussed in Chapter 2?
What are the types of markets discussed in Chapter 2?
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What key concept is discussed in Chapter 3?
What key concept is discussed in Chapter 3?
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Market Efficiency is discussed in Chapter 4.
Market Efficiency is discussed in Chapter 4.
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Chapter 5 analyzes financial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Chapter 5 analyzes financial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
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Match the following financial ratios with their meanings:
Match the following financial ratios with their meanings:
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What is the main source of income for banks?
What is the main source of income for banks?
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Banks lend out 100% of their deposits.
Banks lend out 100% of their deposits.
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Banks are required to maintain a certain portion of their deposits as cash and another portion in the form of ________ assets.
Banks are required to maintain a certain portion of their deposits as cash and another portion in the form of ________ assets.
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Match the investor classification with their objectives:
Match the investor classification with their objectives:
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What are the two key parameters used to measure liquidity of an asset?
What are the two key parameters used to measure liquidity of an asset?
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What is the term used to define the set of relationships between rates of bonds of different maturities?
What is the term used to define the set of relationships between rates of bonds of different maturities?
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What does fi represent in the context of forward interest rates?
What does fi represent in the context of forward interest rates?
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The yield curve is sometimes also referred to as the term structure of interest rates.
The yield curve is sometimes also referred to as the term structure of interest rates.
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According to the market expectation hypothesis, the forward rate equals the market expectation of the future short interest rate, i.e. fi = E(__).
According to the market expectation hypothesis, the forward rate equals the market expectation of the future short interest rate, i.e. fi = E(__).
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What distinguishes T-bonds from T-notes?
What distinguishes T-bonds from T-notes?
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Corporate bonds are typically issued at a higher discount than equivalent Government bonds.
Corporate bonds are typically issued at a higher discount than equivalent Government bonds.
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Zero coupon bonds do not pay any ________ during the life of the bonds.
Zero coupon bonds do not pay any ________ during the life of the bonds.
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Match the international bond with its correct description:
Match the international bond with its correct description:
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What is the formula for estimating simple interest?
What is the formula for estimating simple interest?
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What is the formula for calculating total amount under compound interest rate?
What is the formula for calculating total amount under compound interest rate?
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What is the additional parameter in compound interest rate calculation that affects total interest payments?
What is the additional parameter in compound interest rate calculation that affects total interest payments?
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What is another term for interest rate when compounded continuously?
What is another term for interest rate when compounded continuously?
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What is the relationship between real and nominal interest rate?
What is the relationship between real and nominal interest rate?
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What is the formula for calculating Coupon Yield?
What is the formula for calculating Coupon Yield?
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What is the formula for calculating Current Yield?
What is the formula for calculating Current Yield?
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What is the main drawback of coupon yield and current yield?
What is the main drawback of coupon yield and current yield?
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What is Yield to Maturity (YTM)?
What is Yield to Maturity (YTM)?
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What is the relationship between bond price and yields?
What is the relationship between bond price and yields?
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What is another term for Yield to Maturity (YTM)?
What is another term for Yield to Maturity (YTM)?
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Study Notes
NCFM Module Examination Details
- The NCFM module examination consists of 38 modules, divided into three categories: Foundation, Intermediate, and Advanced.
- Each module has a specific duration, number of questions, maximum marks, and pass marks.
- Some modules have additional features such as negative marking, open office, distribution sheet, scientific calculator, and financial calculator.
Foundation Modules
- There are 11 modules in the Foundation category, including Financial Markets, Mutual Funds, Currency Derivatives, Equity Derivatives, and Interest Rate Derivatives.
- Each module has a duration of 120 minutes, with 60 questions, and a maximum mark of 100.
- The pass mark for each module is 50.
Intermediate Modules
- There are 21 modules in the Intermediate category, including Capital Market, Derivatives Market, Investment Analysis, and Portfolio Management.
- Each module has a duration of 120 minutes, with 60 questions, and a maximum mark of 100.
- The pass mark for each module is 60.
Advanced Modules
- There are 18 modules in the Advanced category, including Algorithmic Trading, Financial Markets, Securities Markets, and Derivatives.
- Each module has a duration of 120 minutes, with 60-100 questions, and a maximum mark of 100-150.
- The pass mark for each module is 60.
NSE Academy
- NSE Academy is a subsidiary of the National Stock Exchange of India.
- It offers a range of financial courses for students from standard VIII to MBA professionals.
- NSE Academy has tied up with premium educational institutes to develop a pool of human resources with the right skills and expertise for the financial market.
- The academy aims to spread financial literacy and has facilitated more than 41.8 lakh individuals to become financially smarter through various initiatives.
NCFM Certification
- NCFM is an online certification program that aims to upgrade skills and build competency.
- The program has a widespread reach with testing centers present at more than 154 locations across the country.
- NCFM offers certifications ranging from Basic to Advanced.
- Candidates can register for NCFM through online or offline mode.
- Once registered, candidates can access facilities like SMS alerts, online payment, and profile update through their online login id.### Chapter 1: Objectives of Investment Decisions
1.1 Introduction
- Investment decisions involve balancing returns and risk across multiple asset classes
- Portfolio management aims to maximize returns subject to risk tolerance or achieve a pre-specified return with minimum risk
1.2 Types of Investors
- Investors can be broadly classified into two categories: individuals and institutions
- Each type of investor has distinct investment styles, mandates, horizons, and assets under management
- Risk appetites and return requirements vary across investor classes, influencing their investment strategies and constraints
1.2.1 Individuals
- Individuals comprise the largest group of investors in most markets, but with smaller portfolio sizes
- Individuals differ in their risk appetite and return requirements
- Risk-averse individuals opt for safe investments like government securities and bank deposits
- Risk-taking individuals invest in or speculate in equity markets
- Individuals' requirements evolve based on their life-cycle positioning, such as planning for:
- Purchase of a house and vehicle (25-35 years age group)
- Children's education and marriage (35-45 years age group)
- Post-retirement life (50+ years age group)
1.2.2 Institutions
- Institutions include:
- Mutual funds
- Pension funds
- Endowment funds
- Insurance companies (life and non-life)
- Banks
- Each institutional type has its own specific investment objectives, mandates, and constraints### Institutional Investors
- Institutional investors are the largest active group in the financial markets
- They invest capital on behalf of others, such as individuals or other institutions
- Examples of institutional investors include:
- Mutual funds
- Pension funds
- Insurance companies
- Hedge funds
- Endowment funds
- Banks
- Private equity and venture capital firms
Mutual Funds
- Mutual funds pool investors' money to invest in various assets
- Managed by professionals whose remuneration is linked to the fund's performance
- Fund's profit or capital gain is distributed among investors in proportion to their holdings
- Vary greatly depending on investment objectives, asset classes, and strategies
Pension Funds
- Created to manage retirement funds of employees
- Funds are contributed by employers and employees during working life
- Objective is to provide benefits to employees post-retirement
- Management of pension funds may be in-house or through financial intermediaries
Endowment Funds
- Non-profit organizations that manage funds to generate steady returns
- Initiated by a non-refundable capital contribution
- Contributor specifies purpose and appoints trustees to manage the funds
- Investment policy requires approval from trustees
Insurance Companies
- Hold large portfolios from premiums contributed by policyholders
- Invest to meet current cash flow needs and future liabilities
- Generally conservative in their attitude towards risks
Banks
- Assets consist mainly of loans to businesses and consumers
- Liabilities comprise deposits from consumers
- Main source of income is the interest rate spread
- Required to maintain a certain portion of deposits as cash and liquid assets
Investor Classifications
- Hedgers: invest to provide a cover for risks on a portfolio they already hold
- Speculators: take additional risks to earn supernormal returns
- Arbitrageurs: take simultaneous positions to earn riskless profits from price differentials
- Day-traders: trade to profit from intra-day price changes
Constraints in Portfolio Management
Liquidity
- Refers to the marketability of an asset
- Measured by market breadth and market depth
- High demand and supply result in low impact costs of trading and reduce liquidity risk
Investment Horizons
- Refers to the length of time an investor expects to remain invested in a security or portfolio
- Helps in security selection and risk exposure
- Investors with shorter horizons prefer low-risk assets, while those with longer horizons look at riskier assets
Taxation
- Affects investment decisions, as investors are concerned with net returns
- Tax-free investments or those with lower tax rates may trade at a premium
- Taxation benefits on specific investments should be considered when designing a portfolio
Goals of Investors
- Specific needs for individual investors include retirement, children's education, housing, etc.
- Institutional investors have specific needs, such as the average age of plan participants for pension funds
- Investment decisions depend on these goals and constraints
Financial Markets
- Classified into money markets and capital markets
- Money markets include short-term, marketable, liquid, low-risk debt securities
- Capital markets include longer-term and riskier securities, such as bonds and equities
- Derivatives instruments are also traded in capital markets
Primary and Secondary Markets
- Primary market: new securities are issued to the public for the first time
- Secondary market: existing securities are traded among investors
- Derivatives market: futures, forwards, and options on underlying instruments
Trading in Secondary Markets
- Orders are placed by investors, specifying conditions such as price, time, or type of order
- Types of orders include:
- Limit price/order
- Market price/order
- Stop loss order
- Time-related conditions, such as day order, immediate or cancel order, etc.
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Description
This quiz covers the asset management strategies of insurance companies and banks, including their investments and sources of income.