Final Reviewer in General Biology 2: Feedback Mechanism

Questions and Answers

What is thermoregulation?

A process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature.

What does homeostasis refer to?

Processes that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival.

What is a stimulus?

Anything that makes an organism or a part of an organism react in some way.

What is a response?

A reaction of an organism or a mechanism to a specific stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What are receptors?

Organs or cells able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimuli and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve. Signup and view all the answers

What is negative feedback?

The most common mechanism for homeostasis that negates change and stabilizes systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is positive feedback?

Mechanisms where the response to a stimulus keeps the sequence of events going up. Signup and view all the answers

What does a dendrite do?

Receives information and passes it to the cell body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell body in a neuron?

Location of the nucleus and organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an axon?

Carries information away from the cell body. Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuron receives information?

Sensory neuron. Signup and view all the answers

What does a motor neuron do?

Causes action in muscles or glands. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of receptors respond to movement and pressure?

Mechanoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What are alleles?

Different forms of genes. Signup and view all the answers

What does genetics study?

Biological inheritance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a genome?

An organism's complete set of genetic instructions. Signup and view all the answers

What is heredity?

The passing on of traits from parents to their offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is a phenotype?

The physical appearance of an organism. Signup and view all the answers

What sex chromosomes do females have?

Two X chromosomes (XX). Signup and view all the answers

What is a dominant trait?

A trait that covers up the other form of the trait. Signup and view all the answers

What is a recessive trait?

A trait that is covered up by a dominant trait. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Feedback Mechanism

Thermoregulation: Enables the body to maintain a stable core internal temperature.
Homeostasis: Processes that ensure living organisms maintain stable conditions essential for survival.
Stimulus: Any factor that provokes a reaction in an organism or its parts.
Response: The action or change in behavior of an organism resulting from a specific stimulus.
Receptors: Organs or cells that detect external stimuli (e.g., light, heat) and relay signals to sensory nerves.
Negative Feedback: A common homeostatic mechanism that counteracts changes to stabilize systems (e.g., sweating to prevent overheating).
Positive Feedback: Mechanism where the response amplifies the initial stimulus (e.g., increased heart rate during exercise to supply oxygen).

Parts of a Nerve Cell (Neuron)

Dendrite: Receives signals and transmits them to the cell body.
Cell Body: Contains the nucleus and organelles.
Axon: Transmits information away from the neuron’s cell body.
Sensory Neuron: Gathers information from the environment.
Interneuron: Processes information, primarily located in the brain and spinal cord.
Motor Neuron: Triggers actions in muscles or glands.

Types of Neurons

Mechanoreceptors: Detect movement and pressure; located in the skin; involved in touch and hearing.
Thermoreceptors: Respond to changes in temperature; located in the skin; involved in the sense of touch.
Pain Receptors: Activated by tissue damage; located in the skin; involved in the sense of touch.
Chemoreceptors: React to chemical stimuli; located in the nose and mouth; involved in taste and smell.
Photoreceptors: Respond to light; located in the eyes; involved in the sense of sight.

Genetics

Alleles: Variations of a gene that govern different traits.
Genetics: Study of how biological traits are inherited.
Genomes: A complete set of genetic instructions within an organism.
Heredity: Transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Inheritance: Mechanism by which genetic information is conveyed from parent to child.
Genes: Basic units of heredity determining specific traits in offspring.
Dominant Trait: A trait that masks the presence of a recessive trait.
Recessive Trait: A trait that is masked by a dominant trait.
Phenotype: Observable physical characteristics of an organism.
Genotype: Genetic makeup of an organism.
Homozygous: Organism with two identical alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous: Organism with two different alleles for a trait.

Chromosomes

Sex chromosomes determine an individual's sex: females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
Female gametes (eggs) always carry an X chromosome.

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Description

Prepare for your exams with this final reviewer focused on feedback mechanisms in General Biology 2. Delve into critical concepts such as thermoregulation, homeostasis, stimulus, and response to enhance your understanding of biological processes necessary for survival.