36 Questions
What is the primary purpose of filtration as described in the text?
Separation of mixtures
What is the name of the clarified liquid obtained after filtration?
Effluent
What is the term for the process of filtering a mixture to form a 'cake' of solids on the filter medium?
Cake filtration
In which scenarios might the filter media primarily act as a support rather than carrying out the actual filtration?
When the solids do not exceed 1.0%
What is the name for the process where the actual filtration is carried out by the solids deposited as a cake on the filter medium?
Surface filtration
What factor determines the life of surface or absolute filters?
The number of pores available for fluid passage
What is the main purpose of a depth filter?
To collect and hold particles within the filter media
How does a membrane filter differ from a depth filter?
Membrane filters have a uniform structure, while depth filters have multiple layers with random structures
What is the function of the permeate in membrane filtration?
It is smaller than the membrane pore size and passes through as filtrate
What factors affect the rate of filtration according to Darcy Law?
Density, viscosity, and compressibility of the solid
What is the equation that combines all factors affecting the rate of filtration known as?
Darcy Law
In which type of filtration is flow of the suspension parallel to the filtering media used?
Depth Filtration
What does 'depth' refer to in a depth filter?
The thickness of the filter media
What is one main application of membrane filters?
Protein purification
What is the permeability coefficient 'K' defined as by Kozeny?
K = 1/r ( r )
What is the purpose of using filter media with smaller pore sizes towards the core in depth filtration?
To attain a high quantity of particles with high dirt holding capacity
What is the primary purpose of extraction?
To produce a concentrated solution of valuable material
What is the main application of liquid-liquid extraction?
Refining of vegetable oils using furfural as a solvent
What factor affects the rate of leaching by increasing the extraction rate due to an increase in solubility and diffusion of extracted materials?
Temperature
How does agitation affect the extraction rate during leaching?
It increases the diffusion to the bulk of the solvent
What does the diffusion coefficient 'K'' represent in the rate of extraction equation dM/dt=K'A (Cs-C)/ b?
Rate of extraction
What does 'dM/dt' represent in the rate of extraction equation dM/dt=K'A (Cs-C)/ b?
Rate of extraction
In solid-liquid extraction (leaching), what is the purpose of dissolving soluble matter from its mixture with an insoluble solid?
To produce a concentrated solution of valuable material
How does increasing the temperature affect the extraction rate during leaching?
It increases solubility and diffusion of extracted materials
What does 'A' represent in the rate of extraction equation dM/dt=K'A (Cs-C)/ b?
Area of solid-liquid interface
What is the primary function of solid-liquid extraction (leaching)?
Dissolve soluble matter from its mixture with an insoluble solid
What is the main purpose of the Bollman Extractor (Basket extractor)?
To provide a continuous automatic extraction with high capacity
What is the primary function of the Rotocel Extractor?
To provide true counter-current extraction for efficiency
What is the main disadvantage of the Batch plant Extractor?
It requires large amounts of solvent
Which equipment is used for leaching of intermediate solids by percolation?
Fixed-bed or Robert diffusion battery
What is the solvent most widely used in the Rotocel Extractor?
Hexane
What is the danger associated with the use of hexane in the Rotocel Extractor?
Danger of explosion
What type of extraction occur in the descending column of buckets in the Bollman Extractor?
Co-current extraction
What makes counter-current extraction more effective and desirable?
It produces higher quality miscella
What is the function of the Fixed-bed or Robert diffusion battery?
To provide a true counter-current extraction
What is the primary purpose of leaching equipment treatment before extraction?
To make seeds more receptive to the extraction treatment
Test your knowledge of filtration unit operations with this quiz. Explore topics such as removing insoluble solids from liquids, filtration of air, and the use of porous mediums to separate solids from liquids.
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